Pubblicazioni recenti - cardiac sarcoidosis
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Phenotyping heart failure by nuclear imaging of myocardial perfusion, metabolism, and molecular targets.
Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging2023 Jun;():. doi: jead128.
Saraste Antti, Knuuti Juhani, Bengel Frank,
Abstract
Nuclear imaging techniques can detect and quantify pathophysiological processes underlying heart failure, complementing evaluation of cardiac structure and function with other imaging modalities. Combined imaging of myocardial perfusion and metabolism can identify left ventricle dysfunction caused by myocardial ischemia that may be reversible after revascularization in the presence of viable myocardium. High sensitivity of nuclear imaging to detect targeted tracers has enabled assessment of various cellular and subcellular mechanisms of heart failure. Nuclear imaging of active inflammation and amyloid deposition is incorporated into clinical management algorithms of cardiac sarcoidosis and amyloidosis. Innervation imaging has well documented prognostic value with respect to heart failure progression and arrhythmias. Emerging tracers specific for inflammation and myocardial fibrotic activity are in earlier stages of development, but have demonstrated potential value in early characterization of the response to myocardial injury and prediction of adverse left ventricular remodeling. Early detection of disease activity is a key for transition from broad medical treatment of clinically overt heart failure towards a personalized approach aimed at supporting repair and preventing progressive failure. This review outlines the current status of nuclear imaging in phenotyping heart failure, and combines it with discussion on novel developments.
© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.
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A case of giant cell myocarditis mimicking cardiac sarcoidosis successfully maintained by prednisolone and tacrolimus.
J Cardiol Cases2023 Jun;27(6):258-261. doi: 10.1016/j.jccase.2023.01.009.
Tsuchiya Hiroki, Kashimura Takeshi, Washiyama Yuzo, Kumaki Takayuki, Watanabe Mitsuhiro, Kase Mayumi, Ishizuka Mitsuo, Sakai Ryohei, Fujiki Shinya, Takayama Tsugumi, Ishihara Shiro, Inomata Takayuki,
Abstract
UNLABELLED:
A 45-year-old woman with no medical history underwent pacemaker implantation for a symptomatic complete atrioventricular block. On day 6, she noticed diplopia and then fever, general malaise, and elevation of serum creatinine kinase (CK). She was transferred to our hospital on day 21. Serum CK was elevated to 4543?IU/L, and echocardiography revealed a left ventricular ejection fraction of 43?%. We diagnosed her with giant cell myocarditis (GCM) via an emergent myocardial biopsy that revealed a proliferation of lymphocytes, eosinophils, and giant cells without granulomas. Initial treatment with high doses of intravenous methylprednisolone and immunoglobulin improved her symptoms in a few days, and prednisolone was given as follow-up treatment. CK was normalized in a week and a thinning of the interventricular septum mimicking cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) occurred. On day 38, we added a calcineurin inhibitor, tacrolimus, and maintained her with a combination of prednisolone and tacrolimus at a target dose of 10-15?ng/mL. Six months after the onset, there were no signs of relapse despite the persistent mild elevation of troponin I levels. We present a case of GCM mimicking CS successfully maintained by a combination of two immunosuppressive agents.
LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
Recommended treatment for giant cell myocarditis (GCM), a potentially fatal disease, is a combination of three immunosuppressive agents. However, GCM shares many characteristics with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), which is treated using prednisolone alone in many cases. Recent studies on GCM and CS suggest they are different spectrums of a common entity. Although they can clinically overlap, they have different progressive speeds and severities. We present a case of GCM mimicking CS successfully treated with a combination of two immunosuppressive agents.
© 2023 Japanese College of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Cardiac sarcoidosis: a comprehensive review of risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and treatment strategies.
Front Cardiovasc Med2023 ;10():1156474. doi: 1156474.
Shah Hussain Haider, Zehra Syeda Alishah, Shahrukh Aliza, Waseem Radeyah, Hussain Tooba, Hussain Muhammad Sheheryar, Batool Fareeha, Jaffer Muhammad,
Abstract
Cardiac Sarcoidosis (CS) is a deadly consequence of systemic sarcoidosis that inflames all three layers of the heart, especially the myocardium-clinical signs of CS range from asymptomatic disease to abrupt cardiac death. CS generally remains undiagnosed secondary to a lack of definitive diagnostic criteria, a high percentage of false negative results on endomyocardial biopsy, and ill-defining clinical manifestations of the disease. Consequently, there is a lack of evidence-based recommendations for CS, and the present diagnostic and therapeutic management depend on expert opinion. The aetiology, risk factors, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and therapy of CS will be covered in this review. A particular emphasis will be placed on enhanced cardiovascular imaging and early identification of CS. We review the emerging evidence regarding the use of Electrocardiograms (ECGs), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of the heart to identify and quantify the extent of myocardial inflammation, as well as to guide the use of immunotherapy and other treatment regimens, such as ablation therapy, device therapy, and heart transplantation, to improve patient outcomes.
© 2023 Shah, Zehra, Shahrukh, Waseem, Hussain, Hussain, Batool and Jaffer.
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Respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms in patients with IPF or sarcoidosis and controls.
Heart Lung2023 Jun;61():136-146. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2023.05.013.
Bloem Ada E M, Houben-Wilke Sarah, Mostard Rémy L M, Stoot Naomi, Janssen Daisy J A, Franssen Frits M E, Custers Jan W H, Spruit Martijn A,
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
Besides dyspnoea and cough, patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) or sarcoidosis may experience distressing non-respiratory symptoms, such as fatigue or muscle weakness. However, whether and to what extent symptom burden differs between patients with IPF or sarcoidosis and individuals without respiratory disease remains currently unknown.
OBJECTIVES:
To study the respiratory and non-respiratory burden of multiple symptoms in patients with IPF or sarcoidosis and to compare the symptom burden with individuals without impaired spirometric values, FVC and FEV1 (controls).
METHODS:
Demographics and symptoms were assessed in 59 patients with IPF, 60 patients with sarcoidosis and 118 controls (age ?18 years). Patients with either condition were matched to controls by sex and age. Severity of 14 symptoms was assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale.
RESULTS:
44 patients with IPF (77.3% male; age 70.6±5.5 years) and 44 matched controls, and 45 patients with sarcoidosis (48.9% male; age 58.1±8.6 year) and 45 matched controls were analyzed. Patients with IPF scored higher on 11 symptoms compared to controls (p
CONCLUSIONS:
Generally, respiratory and non-respiratory symptom burden is significantly higher in patients with IPF or sarcoidosis compared to controls. This emphasizes the importance of awareness for respiratory and non-respiratory symptom burden in IPF or sarcoidosis and the need for additional research to study the underlying mechanisms and subsequent interventions.
Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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A rare case of extensive biventricular cardiac sarcoidosis with reversible torrential tricuspid regurgitation.
J Nucl Cardiol2023 May;():. doi: 10.1007/s12350-023-03307-2.
Okafor Joseph, Azzu Alessia, Ahmed Raheel, Cassimon Barbara, Wechalekar Kshama, Wells Athol, Kouranos Vasileios, Baksi A John, Sharma Rakesh, Guha Kaushik, Khattar Rajdeep,
Abstract
Reversal of torrential tricuspid regurgitation is rarely seen. We describe a case in which effective immunosuppression alongside conventional heart failure therapies lead to reversibility of torrential tricuspid regurgitation in a patient with cardiac sarcoidosis. We also discuss the diagnostic challenge in distinguishing cardiac sarcoidosis from other myocardial diseases in a patient presenting with biventricular failure.
© 2023. The Author(s).
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FDG-PET/CT and rest myocardial perfusion imaging to predict high-degree atrioventricular block recovery in cardiac sarcoidosis.
J Nucl Cardiol2023 May;():. doi: 10.1007/s12350-023-03306-3.
Lucinian Yousif A, Martineau Patrick, Poenaru Raluca, Tremblay-Gravel Maxime, Cadrin-Tourigny Julia, Harel Francois, Pelletier-Galarneau Matthieu,
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS:
High-degree atrioventricular block (AVB) recovery in CS has been shown to be highly variable despite immunosuppressive treatment, with no reliable tool available to predict odds of reversibility. This study sought to evaluate the potential of combined fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and resting myocardial perfusion imaging (rMPI) to predict reversibility of newly diagnosed high-grade AVB in cardiac sarcoidosis (CS).
METHODS:
We performed a single-center, retrospective analysis of patients with CS presenting with high-grade AVB who underwent combined FDG-PET/CT and rMPI. The 2016 JCS and the 2014 HRS diagnostic criteria were used for the diagnosis of CS. Patients with a history of coronary artery disease or prior immunosuppressive treatment were excluded. Patients were divided into AVB recovery and non-recovery subgroups. CS disease staging was based on FDG-PET and rMPI findings: (Stage 0) normal FDG-PET and rMPI (Stage 1) positive FDG-PET and normal rMPI (Stage 2) positive FDG-PET with perfusion deficits on rMPI (Stage 3) normal FDG-PET with perfusion deficits on rMPI.
RESULTS:
Twenty-seven patients, including 13 demonstrating AVB recovery, were identified. Eleven out of fourteen (78.6%) patients presenting with stage 1 CS demonstrated AVB recovery. Stage 1 CS was significantly more present in the recovery group compared to the non-recovery group (84.6% vs 21.4%, P = .002). Eleven presented with stage 2 CS, with only 2 (18.2%) recovering AV nodal conduction. Stage 2 CS presented more frequently in the non-recovery group (64.3% vs 15.4%, P = .020).
CONCLUSIONS:
Combined FDG-PET and rMPI employed to stage CS disease presenting with high-degree AVB appears to have good performance for predicting likelihood of recovery.
© 2023. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to American Society of Nuclear Cardiology.
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F-FDG-PET of cardiac sarcoidosis with subcutaneous nodules.
J Nucl Cardiol2023 May;():1-2. doi: 10.1007/s12350-023-03302-7.
Sillanmäki Saara, Iso-Mustajärvi Saara,
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High-risk and low prevalence disease: Cardiac sarcoidosis and some of its mimics.
Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc2023 Aug;47():101221. doi: 101221.
Jolobe Oscar M P,
Abstract
In this narrative review of cardiac sarcoidosis, based on a literature search using the terms "cardiac sarcoidosis", "tuberculous myocarditis", "Whipple's disease and myocarditis", and"idiopathic giant cell myocarditis", I have defined cardiac sarcoidosis as a disorder which can be diagnosed either by documentation of the presence of sarcoid-related granulomas in myocardial tissue or by documentation of the association of the presence of sarcoid-related granulomas in extracardiac tissue and symptoms such as complete heart block, ventricular tachyarrhythmia, sudden death or dilated cardiomyopathy which are typical of cardiac sarcoidosis. The differential diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis includes granulomatous myocarditis attributable to underlying causes such as such as tuberculosis, Whipple's disease, and idiopathic giant cell myocarditis. Diagnostic pathways for cardiac sarcoidosis include biopsy of cardiac and extracardiac tissue, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and a diagnostic trial of empiric therapy. Problem areas include differentiation between noncaseating granulomatosis attributable to sarcoidosis versus noncaseating granulomatosis attributable to tuberculosis and whether or not the workup of suspected cardiac sarcoidosis should always include evaluation of biopsy tissue by molecular methods for M tuberculosis DNA as well as by mycobacterium tuberculosis culture. The diagnostic significance of necrotising granulomatosis is also unclear. Evaluation of patients on long term immunotherapy should also take due account of the risk of tuberculosis attributable to the use of tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonists.
© 2023 The Author.
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Correction: Linking cardiac and extracardiac sarcoidosis and their clinical outcome: F-FDG PET/CT analysis in patients with systemic cardiac sarcoidosis.
Ann Nucl Med2023 May;():. doi: 10.1007/s12149-023-01850-z.
Kaneko Koichiro, Nagao Michinobu, Yamamoto Atsushi, Sakai Akiko, Sakai Shuji,
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Sarcoidosis and fatigue: there is a useful cognitive treatment? - Authors' reply.
Lancet Respir Med2023 May;():. doi: S2213-2600(23)00151-0.
Kahlmann Vivienne, Moor Catharina C, Veltkamp Marcel, Wijsenbeek Marlies S, ,
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Lymphocyte Subsets and Pulmonary Nodules to Predict the Progression of Sarcoidosis.
Biomedicines2023 May;11(5):. doi: 1437.
Danila Edvardas, Aleksonien? Regina, Besusparis Justinas, Gruslys Vygantas, Jurgauskien? Laimut?, Laurinavi?ien? Aida, Laurinavi?ius Arvydas, Mainelis Antanas, Zablockis Rolandas, Zeleckien? Ingrida, ?urauskas Edvardas, Malickait? Radvil?,
Abstract
The search for biological markers, which allow a relatively accurate assessment of the individual course of pulmonary sarcoidosis at the time of diagnosis, remains one of the research priorities in this field of pulmonary medicine. The aim of our study was to investigate possible prognostic factors for pulmonary sarcoidosis with a special focus on cellular immune inflammation markers. A 2-year follow-up of the study population after the initial prospective and simultaneous analysis of lymphocyte activation markers expression in the blood, as well as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung biopsy tissue of patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary sarcoidosis, was performed. We found that some blood and BAL fluid immunological markers and lung computed tomography (CT) patterns have been associated with a different course of sarcoidosis. We revealed five markers that had a significant negative association with the course of sarcoidosis (worsening pulmonary function tests and/or the chest CT changes)-blood CD4+CD31+ and CD4+CD44+ T lymphocytes, BALF CD8+CD31+ and CD8+CD103+ T lymphocytes and a number of lung nodules on chest CT at the time of the diagnosis. Cut-off values, sensitivity, specificity and odds ratio for predictors of sarcoidosis progression were calculated. These markers may be reasonable predictors of sarcoidosis progression.
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Global burden of chronic respiratory diseases and risk factors, 1990-2019: an update from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
EClinicalMedicine2023 May;59():101936. doi: 101936.
,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Updated data on chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are vital in their prevention, control, and treatment in the path to achieving the third UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a one-third reduction in premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by 2030. We provided global, regional, and national estimates of the burden of CRDs and their attributable risks from 1990 to 2019.
METHODS:
Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we estimated mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), prevalence, and incidence of CRDs, i.e. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumoconiosis, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis, and other CRDs, from 1990 to 2019 by sex, age, region, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) in 204 countries and territories. Deaths and DALYs from CRDs attributable to each risk factor were estimated according to relative risks, risk exposure, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level input.
FINDINGS:
In 2019, CRDs were the third leading cause of death responsible for 4.0 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 3.6-4.3) with a prevalence of 454.6 million cases (417.4-499.1) globally. While the total deaths and prevalence of CRDs have increased by 28.5% and 39.8%, the age-standardised rates have dropped by 41.7% and 16.9% from 1990 to 2019, respectively. COPD, with 212.3 million (200.4-225.1) prevalent cases, was the primary cause of deaths from CRDs, accounting for 3.3 million (2.9-3.6) deaths. With 262.4 million (224.1-309.5) prevalent cases, asthma had the highest prevalence among CRDs. The age-standardised rates of all burden measures of COPD, asthma, and pneumoconiosis have reduced globally from 1990 to 2019. Nevertheless, the age-standardised rates of incidence and prevalence of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis have increased throughout this period. Low- and low-middle SDI countries had the highest age-standardised death and DALYs rates while the high SDI quintile had the highest prevalence rate of CRDs. The highest deaths and DALYs from CRDs were attributed to smoking globally, followed by air pollution and occupational risks. Non-optimal temperature and high body-mass index were additional risk factors for COPD and asthma, respectively.
INTERPRETATION:
Albeit the age-standardised prevalence, death, and DALYs rates of CRDs have decreased, they still cause a substantial burden and deaths worldwide. The high death and DALYs rates in low and low-middle SDI countries highlights the urgent need for improved preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic measures. Global strategies for tobacco control, enhancing air quality, reducing occupational hazards, and fostering clean cooking fuels are crucial steps in reducing the burden of CRDs, especially in low- and lower-middle income countries.
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Risk of Adverse Outcomes Associated With Cardiac Sarcoidosis Diagnostic Schemes.
JACC Clin Electrophysiol2023 May;():. doi: S2405-500X(23)00258-X.
Myadam Rahul, Crawford Thomas C, Bogun Frank M, Gu Xiaokui, Ellenbogen Kenneth A, Jasti Shilpa, Chicos Alexandru B, Roukoz Henri, Zimetbaum Peter J, Kalbfleisch Steven J, Murgatroyd Francis D, Steckman David A, Rosenfeld Lynda E, Garlitski Ann C, Soejima Kyoko, Bhan Adarsh K, Vedantham Vasanth, Dickfeld Timm-Michael L, De Lurgio David B, Platonov Pyotr G, Zipse Matthew M, Nishiuchi Suguru, Ortman Matthew L, Narasimhan Calambur, Patton Kristen K, Rosenthal David G, Mukerji Siddharth S, Hoogendoorn Jarieke C, Zeppenfeld Katja, Sauer William H, Kron Jordana, ,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Multiple cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) diagnostic schemes have been published.
OBJECTIVES:
This study aims to evaluate the association of different CS diagnostic schemes with adverse outcomes. The diagnostic schemes evaluated were 1993, 2006, and 2017 Japanese criteria and the 2014 Heart Rhythm Society criteria.
METHODS:
Data were collected from the Cardiac Sarcoidosis Consortium, an international registry of CS patients. Outcome events were any of the following: all-cause mortality, left ventricular assist device placement, heart transplantation, and appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy. Logistic regression analysis evaluated the association of outcomes with each CS diagnostic scheme.
RESULTS:
A total of 587 subjects met the following criteria: 1993 Japanese (n = 310, 52.8%), 2006 Japanese (n = 312, 53.2%), 2014 Heart Rhythm Society (n = 480, 81.8%), and 2017 Japanese (n = 112, 19.1%). Patients who met the 1993 criteria were more likely to experience an event than patients who did not (n = 109 of 310, 35.2% vs n = 59 of 277, 21.3%; OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.38-2.90; P
CONCLUSIONS:
CS patients who met the 1993 and the 2006 criteria had higher odds of adverse clinical outcomes. Future research is needed to prospectively evaluate existing diagnostic schemes and develop new risk models for this complex disease.
Copyright © 2023 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Sex differences in cardiac sarcoidosis.
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Dyspnoea in a patient with biopsy-proven pulmonary sarcoidosis: the challenges in diagnosing cardiac sarcoidosis.
BMJ Case Rep2023 May;16(5):. doi: e252737.
Chen Amanda Yin-Chieh, Halani Sheliza, Shah Rupal,
Abstract
A man in his 60s with biopsy-proven pulmonary sarcoidosis, not on treatment, presented with 6 weeks of dyspnea to the emergency department. ECG showed first-degree atrioventricular block and CT thorax demonstrated progressive pulmonary sarcoidosis with new multifocal consolidation. Antibiotics were initiated.A brain natriuretic peptide was elevated at 2024?ng/L and echocardiogram showed global left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Coronary angiogram revealed normal coronary arteries, and cardiac positron emission tomography and MRI demonstrated patterns compatible with cardiac sarcoidosis. The patient significantly improved with diuresis; he was started on prednisone, methotrexate and standard heart failure therapies.We outline the difficulties of attributing cardiac causes of dyspnoea in a patient with known pulmonary sarcoidosis given the rarity of cardiac involvement. We review proposed diagnostic criteria for cardiac sarcoidosis using enhanced imaging techniques without requiring invasive myocardial biopsy. This case discussion also highlights nuances in managing cardiac sarcoidosis based on the best available evidence and expert consensus.
© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2023. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
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Prognostic value of late-gadolinium enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis.
Pacing Clin Electrophysiol2023 May;():. doi: 10.1111/pace.14722.
Al-Sadawi Mohammed, Henriques Matthew, Tao Michael, Gier Chad, Kim Paul, Aslam Faisal, Almasry Ibrahim, Singh Abhijeet, Fan Roger, Rashba Eric,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Late-gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is a predictor of adverse events in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), but available studies had small sample sizes and did not consider all relevant endpoints.
OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the association between LGE on CMR in patients with CS and mortality, ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and sudden cardiac death (SCD), and heart failure (HF) hospitalization.
METHODS:
A literature search was conducted for studies reporting the association between LGE in CS and the study endpoints. The endpoints were mortality, VA and SCD, and HF hospitalization. The search included the following databases: Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The search was not restricted to time or publication status. The minimum follow-up duration was 1 year.
RESULTS:
A total of 17 studies and 1915 CS patients (595 with LGE vs. 1320 without LGE) were included; mean follow-up was 3.3 years (ranging between 17 and 84 months). LGE was associated with increased all-cause mortality (OR 6.05, 95% CI 3.16-11.58; p
CONCLUSIONS:
LGE in CS patients is associated with increased mortality, VA and SCD, and HF hospitalization. Biventricular LGE is associated with an increased risk of VA and SCD.
© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Editorial: New insights in sarcoidosis: from bench to bedside.
Front Med (Lausanne)2023 ;10():1202435. doi: 1202435.
Cameli Paolo, Biondini Davide, Carleo Alfonso, Stock Carmel J W,
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Trends in the prevalence of infiltrative cardiomyopathy among patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest.
Curr Probl Cardiol2023 May;():101819. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101819.
Nandy Sneha, Hajra Adrija, Bandyopadhyay Dhrubajyoti, Malik Aaqib, Mankad Rekha, Grogan Martha, Abou Ezzeddine Omar, Klarich Kyle W,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, hemochromatosis and scleroderma are the most forms of infiltrative/non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) associated with sudden cardiac death. In patients who undergo in-hospital cardiac arrest, a high index of suspicion is required to rule out NICM as an underlying contributor.
METHODS:
We aimed to analyze the prevalence of NICM among patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest and identify factors associated with increased mortality. We analyzed data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS), and identified patients who were hospitalized across 10 years from 2010-2019 with a diagnosis of cardiac arrest and NICM.
RESULTS:
The total number of patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest was 19,34,260. The total number with NICM was 14,803 (0.77%). Mean age was 63 years. Overall prevalence of NICM across the years ranged between 0.75 to 0.9%, with a significant temporal increase(p
CONCLUSION:
The prevalence of infiltrative cardiomyopathy in patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest is increasing. Females, older patients and Hispanic population are at an increased risk of mortality. Sex and race-based disparities in the prevalence of NICM in patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest is an area of further research.
Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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What is this image? 2023 Image 6 result: F-FDG PET in a patient with cardiac sarcoidosis and hibernating myocardium: A case report.
J Nucl Cardiol2023 May;():. doi: 10.1007/s12350-023-03292-6.
Lauzier Pascal Theriault, Boczar Kevin Emery, Caires Marcella Cabral, Alshaheen Mohammad, Wiefels Christiane, deKemp Rob, Chow Benjamin J, Birnie David, Beanlands Rob,
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Prevalence of Pathogenic Variants in Dilated Cardiomyopathy-Associated Genes in Patients Evaluated for Cardiac Sarcoidosis.
Circ Genom Precis Med2023 May;():e003850. doi: 10.1161/CIRCGEN.122.003850.
Reza Nosheen, Levin Michael G, Vidula Mahesh K, Bravo Paco E, Damrauer Scott M, Ritchie Marylyn D, , Chahal C Anwar A, Owens Anjali Tiku,
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