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Pubblicazioni recenti - cardiorespiratory
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Comparison of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and the "date rape" drug GHB: behavioral toxicology in the mouse model.
Psychopharmacology (Berl)2021 Apr;():. doi: 10.1007/s00213-021-05852-5.
Arfè Raffaella, Bilel Sabrine, Tirri Micaela, Frisoni Paolo, Serpelloni Giovanni, Neri Margherita, Boccuto Federica, Bernardi Tatiana, Foti Federica, De-Giorgio Fabio, Marti Matteo,
Abstract
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and ?-hydroxybutyrate acid (GHB) are synthetic solvents detected in the recreational drug market. GHB has sedative/hypnotic properties and is used for criminal purposes to compromise reaction ability and commit drug-facilitated sexual assaults and other crimes. NMP is a strong solubilizing solvent that has been used alone or mixed with GHB in case of abuse and robberies. The aim of this experimental study is to compare the acute pharmaco-toxicological effects of NMP and GHB on neurological signs (myoclonia, convulsions), sensorimotor (visual, acoustic, and overall tactile) responses, righting reflex, thermoregulation, and motor activity (bar, drag, and accelerod test) in CD-1 male mice. Moreover, since cardiorespiratory depression is one of the main adverse effects related to GHB intake, we investigated the effect of NMP and GHB on cardiorespiratory changes (heart rate, breath rate, oxygen saturation, and pulse distension) in mice. The present study demonstrates that NMP inhibited sensorimotor and motor responses and induced cardiorespiratory depression, with a lower potency and efficacy compared to GHB. These results suggest that NMP can hardly be used alone as a substance to perpetrate sexual assault or robberies.
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[Training and knowledge on basic life support by civil guards.]
Rev Esp Salud Publica2021 Apr;95():. doi: e202104069.
Carcedo Argüelles Lucía, Pérez Regueiro Irene, García Fernández José Antonio, Lana Alberto,
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
Civil Guards are deployed throughout Spain and susceptible to being the first responders in out-of-hospital cardiorespiratory arrest. However, their level of training to perform Basic Life Support (BLS) is unknown. The aim of this work was to evaluate the level of knowledge on BLS of Civil Guards, and to explore the association between periodicity of training and knowledge.
METHODS:
Cross-sectional study of 839 Civil Guards in Asturias (Spain). A questionnaire with 14 multiple-choice questions assessed knowledge on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and use of automatic defibrillator, which were transferred to 0-10 points scales (higher score indicted higher knowledge). Multiple linear regressions were used to estimate mean knowledge scores according to training on BLS (never, >2 years ago and ?2 years ago), adjusted by sociodemographic and occupational variables.
RESULTS:
Around 1 out of 10 Civil Guards performed some real CPR (11.2%). Regarding training, 42.5% had never participated in courses and 33.4% were trained >2 years ago. There was a discordance between willingness to perform BLS (65.6%) and self-perception of preparation (21.8%). A dose-response association was detected between training periodicity and knowledge: 4.26 points (95% CI: 4.07-4.45) of those never formed, 5.93 (95% CI: 5.71-6, 15) of those trained >2 years ago, 7.18 (95% CI: 6.92-7.44) of those trained ?2 years ago (p-trend <0.001).
CONCLUSIONS:
The level of training and knowledge on BLS of the Civil Guards is low. Receiving training every two years is significantly associated with greater knowledge.
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Osteomuscular symptoms on motorcycles in the city of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil, West Amazon.
Medicine (Baltimore)2021 Apr;100(16):e25549. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000025549.
Araújo Narjara Campos de, Souza Orivaldo Florêncio de, Morais Mauro José de Deus, Leitão Francisco Naildo Cardoso, Bezerra Italla Maria Pinheiro, Abreu Luiz Carlos de, Rodrigues Luciano Miller Reis,
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
Musculoskeletal disorders gradually affect workers in different parts of the world, compromising their occupational health and quality of life. Professionals exposed to these symptoms include the motorcycle taxi driver, whose pain is due to the overuse of the musculoskeletal system and little time to recover it.To identify the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in motorcycle taxi drivers in the city of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil, West Amazon.Cross-sectional study, involving 296 motorcycle taxi drivers in the city of Rio Branco-Acre, Brazil, male, from December 2016 to February 2017. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to collect information related to symptoms (pain, discomfort, or numbness) in the last 7 days of work. For the exclusion criteria were, being female; not reside outside the city of Rio Branco, Acre; having less than 3 months of work activity; not be carrying out their work activities at the time of application of the protocol; be limited by clinical or physical issues at the time of application of the protocol. The data obtained in the questionnaire were entered into the Epidata program (Epidata Association, Odense, Denmark) and then transferred to the STATA 10 statistical program (Stata Corp., College Station), for categorization and statistical analysis.The study population is over 36 years old; most reported having a partner and a higher education level. The average daily working hours of the participants were 12?hours, with the majority working over 12?hours daily. Most of the epidemiological variables factors were associated with musculoskeletal pain when the prevalence and prevalence ratio analyzes were performed. Higher prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in the lumbar region is with 17.9%. In the lower limbs, the most affected joint was the ankle (5.7%), followed by the hip (5.07%) and knee (5.07%), respectively. Insomnia was present in 55.35% and self-reported headache in 49.4% of participants.The musculoskeletal disorders generated by the daily service of motorcycle taxi drivers are directly affecting the quality of life of these professionals.
Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
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Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) in Children Between 5 and 8 Years Old: Psychometric Properties of Nonide Scale.
Psicothema2021 May;33(2):337-344. doi: 10.7334/psicothema2020.405.
Nonide-Robles Marta, Postigo Álvaro, Arguelles Juan, Vigil-Lagranda Ruth, Poyán-Poo Azucena, García-Fernández José Antonio,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Early intervention in a cardiorespiratory arrest by a witness significantly increases survival. That is why early training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may be essential. Therefore, the aim of this study is the development and validation of an instrument to assess CPR knowledge and skills for schoolchildren from 5 to 8 years old.
METHOD:
We used a Spanish sample with 164 children aged between 5 and 8 years old. These children received a workshop called the “CPR from my school” program and their knowledge of CPR was assessed pre- and post-Workshop. We examined the scale through psychometric analyses within the framework of Classical Test Theory.
RESULTS:
The Nonide Scale provided evidence of content validity, revealed an essentially unidimensional internal structure, as well as excellent reliability (Ω = .87). Furthermore, a significant improvement was observed in scores, before and after the CPR Workshop.
CONCLUSIONS:
The Nonide Scale, designed to measure CPR knowledge and acquired skills in children from 5 to 8 years old, shows adequate psychometric properties, hence it can be used as professional and research contexts require.
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Anesthesia and airway management in a patient with acromegaly and tracheal compression caused by a giant retrosternal goiter: a case report.
J Int Med Res2021 Apr;49(4):300060521999541. doi: 10.1177/0300060521999541.
Sun Xiaohui, Chen Chan, Zhou Ruihao, Chen Guo, Jiang Chunling, Zhu Tao,
Abstract
A giant retrosternal goiter can lead to compression of vital organs in the mediastinum with high risk of acute cardiorespiratory decompensation. Additionally, patients with acromegaly are prone to developing severe airway obstruction and ventilation difficulties during anesthetic induction, leading to hypoxia and an increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Therefore, more comprehensive airway management strategies are needed. We herein describe a 57-year-old man with acromegaly and severe tracheal obstruction caused by a giant retrosternal goiter. He presented with a 1-week history of progressive dyspnea and was scheduled to undergo right lobe thyroidectomy and retrosternal goiter thyroidectomy. We created a comprehensive emergency plan for a difficult airway, including regional and topical anesthesia for awake endotracheal intubation, sevoflurane inhalation, small doses of midazolam and sufentanil to increase tolerance, self-made extended-length tracheostomy, video laryngoscope-assisted fiber-optic bronchoscopy, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and surgical tracheostomy. Importantly, tetracaine was inhaled through an atomizer, and a laryngotracheal topical anesthesia applicator was used to spray the larynx with 1% tetracaine to reduce stimulation during intubation. The giant goiter was successfully removed through the cervical approach. A carefully designed airway management strategy and close communication among a multidisciplinary operation team are the basis of perioperative anesthetic management for these patients.
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The SIMAC study: A randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of resistance training and aerobic training on the fitness and body composition of Colombian adolescents.
PLoS One2021 ;16(4):e0248110. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248110.
Cohen Daniel Dylan, Sandercock Gavin R, Camacho Paul Anthony, Otero-Wandurraga Johanna, Romero Sandra Milena Pinzon, Marín Rocío Del Pilar Martínez, Sierra Camilo Andrés Villamizar, Carreño Javier, Moran Jason, Lopez-Jaramillo Patricio,
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on muscle strength, aerobic fitness and body composition, of replacing the physical education (PE) class of Colombian adolescents with resistance or aerobic training. 120 tanner stage 3 adolescents attending a state school were randomized to resistance training, aerobic training, or a control group who continued to attend a weekly 2- hour PE class for 16 weeks. The resistance training and aerobic training groups participated in twice weekly supervised after-school exercise sessions of < 1 hour instead of their PE class. Sum of skinfolds, lean body mass (bioelectrical impedance analysis), muscular strength (6 repetition maximum (RM)) bench press, lateral pulldown and leg press) and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (multistage 20 meter shuttle run) were assessed at pre and post intervention. Complete data were available for n = 40 of the resistance training group, n = 40 of the aerobic training group and n = 30 PE (controls). Resistance training attenuated increases in sum of skinfolds compared with controls (d = 0.27, [0.09-0.36]). We found no significant effect on lean body mass. Resistance training produced a positive effect on muscle strength compared with both controls (d = 0.66 [.49-.86]) and aerobic training (d = 0.55[0.28-0.67]). There was a positive effect of resistance training on cardiorespiratory fitness compared with controls (d = 0.04 [-0.10-0.12]) but not compared with aerobic training (d = 0.24 [0.10-0.36]). Replacing a 2-hour PE class with two 1 hour resistance training sessions attenuated gains in subcutaneous adiposity, and enhanced muscle strength and aerobic fitness development in Colombian youth, based on a median attendance of approximately 1 session a week. Further research to assess whether adequate stimuli for the development of muscular fitness exists within current physical education provision is warranted.
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Cardiorespiratory fitness, fatness and the acute blood pressure response to exercise in adolescence.
Scand J Med Sci Sports2021 Apr;():. doi: 10.1111/sms.13976.
Huang Zhengzheng, Park Chloe, Chaturvedi Nish, Howe Laura D, Sharman James E, Hughes Alun D, Schultz Martin G,
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
Exaggerated exercise blood pressure (BP) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence. Cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity (fatness) are independent contributors to cardiovascular risk, but their interrelated associations with exercise BP are unknown. This study aimed to determine the relationships between fitness, fatness and the acute BP response to exercise in a large birth cohort of adolescents.
METHODS:
2292 adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (aged 17.8±0.4 years, 38.5% male) completed a submaximal exercise step-test that allowed fitness (VO ) to be determined from workload and heart rate using a validated equation. Exercise BP was measured immediately on test cessation and fatness calculated as the ratio of total fat mass to total body mass measured by DXA.
RESULTS:
Post-exercise systolic BP decreased stepwise with tertile of fitness (146 (18); 142 (17); 141 (16) mmHg) but increased with tertile of fatness (138 (15); 142 (16); 149 (18) mmHg). In separate models, fitness and fatness were associated with post-exercise systolic BP adjusted for sex, age, height, smoking and socioeconomic status (standardized ?: -1.80, 95%CI: -2.64, -0.95 mmHg/SD and 4.31, 95%CI: 3.49, 5.13 mmHg/SD). However, when fitness and fatness were included in the same model, only fatness remained associated with exercise BP (4.65, 95%CI: 3.69, 5.61 mmHg/SD).
CONCLUSION:
Both fitness and fatness are associated with the acute BP response to exercise in adolescence. The fitness-exercise BP association was not independent of fatness, implying the cardiovascular protective effects of cardiorespiratory fitness may only be realised with more-favourable body composition.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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The Effects of Exercise During a 10-Week Basic Military Training Program on the Physical Fitness and the Body Composition of the Greek Naval Cadets.
Mil Med2021 Apr;():. doi: usab146.
Vantarakis Antonios, Vezos Nikolaos, Karakatsanis Konstantinos, Grivas Gerasimos, Oikonomou Theodosia, Argyratou Anna D, Vantarakis Sotirios A, Kalligeros Stamatis,
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
The period of basic military training (BMT) is a sudden change in the individual habits of the trainees and is characterized by significant improvements in body composition such as the percentage of body fat (%BF) and lean body mass (BM). Research has shown that physical activity during the period of BMT lasting 7-10?weeks has positive effects on the physical condition and BM of cadets. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of training combining cardiovascular conditioning, circuit strength training, swimming, team sports, and obstacle course on physical fitness and body composition during a 10-week BMT period over 4?years in the Hellenic Naval Academy (HNA).
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The sample consisted of 185 Greek cadets of the HNA (age: 18.4?±?0.7?years, height: 1.77?±?6.7?m, BM: 72.6?±?9.1?kg), of which 153 was male (age: 18.3?±?0.6?years, height: 1.79?±?5.8?cm, BM: 75.3?±?7.6?kg) and 32 was female (age: 18.6?±?0.9?years, height: 1.68?±?2.8?cm, BM: 59.9?±?3.1?kg).The cadets participated each year for 4 years in the BMT, performing 94 training sessions, five times a week. The weekly training program included cardiovascular conditioning, circuit strength training, swimming, team sports, and obstacle course. The measurements of the participants before and after BMT were on BM, %BF, and body mass index (BMI); on the number of sit-ups (SU1), push-ups (PU1), and pull-ups (PullU1) in 1 minute; and on the 12-minute aerobic Cooper test (12-min run).
RESULTS:
The results of the study showed that the BM of the cadets decreased significantly by 2.5%, (t184?=?17.591, P < .01), in men by 2.7% (t152?=?16.243, P < .01) and in women by 2.2% (t31?=?9.280, P < .01). Body mass index (BMI) decreased significantly by 2.6% (t184?=?17.681, P < .01), in men by 3.0% (t152?=?16.046, P < .01) and in women by 2.3% (t31?=?9.224, P < 0.01). Reduction in %BF in all cadets reached 11.3% (t184?=?8.134, P < .01), for men -14.8% (t152?=?8.918, P? .05) without significant differences between the measurements.The number of push-ups in 1 minute (PU1) significantly increased by 27.6% (t184?=?-27.813, P < .01), in women by +35.6% (t31?=?13,864, P < .01). The number of sit-ups in 1 minute (SU1) significantly increased by 27.3% (t184?=?-30.501, P < .01), for men +28.8% (t152?=?-29.862, P < .01). The number of pull-ups in 1 minute (PullU1) reached 20.8% (t184?=?-13.426, P < .01) in total, at similar levels in men (t152?=?-13.918, p < .01) and women (t31?=?-2.820, P < .01).On the 12-min run, the significant improvement exceeded 10.8% (t184?=?-45.289, P < .01), in men by 11.1% (t152 = -45.222, P < .01) while in women by 9.0% (t31?=?15.709, P < .01).
CONCLUSIONS:
The results of this study showed that 10?weeks of BMT, which combined cardiovascular conditioning, circuit strength training, swimming, team sports, and obstacle course improved the body composition, cardiorespiratory endurance, and the strength of the Greek HNA cadets.
© The Association of Military Surgeons of the United States 2021. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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A novel treadmill protocol for uphill running assessment: the incline incremental running test (IIRT).
Res Sports Med2021 Apr;():1-12. doi: 10.1080/15438627.2021.1917405.
De Lucas Ricardo Dantas, Karam De Mattos Bruna, Tremel Alexandre Da Cunha, Pianezzer Luana, De Souza Kristopher Mendes, Guglielmo Luiz Guilherme Antonacci, Denadai Benedito Sérgio,
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the maximal and submaximal aerobic parameters between two incremental running tests, one being horizontal and the other an incline-based test, namely the incline incremental running test (IIRT). Twenty endurance-trained trail runners completed two incremental treadmill tests, until exhaustion. The first test was performed using an incline of 1%, with speed increments. Then, the IIRT was performed with the speed set at 50% of the peak speed obtained during the previous test, and the incline was incremented. Cardiorespiratory measurements and blood lactate concentration ([La]) were assessed. The mean peak workload from the horizontal test was 17.6 ± 1.4 km.h and peak workload from IIRT was 17.3 ± 1.3% of incline. The VOpeak and [La]peak were not significantly different between the protocols. However, the HRpeak was significantly lower at IIRT. In conclusion, most of the maximal and submaximal aerobic indices showed no differences between the incremental tests analysed. The exceptions were the HRpeak and HR at the lactate turnpoints, that were lower, and the peak O pulse that was greater for the IIRT. Taken together, these data support the validity of the IIRT as a specific test for the physiological assessment of runners involved with uphill performances.
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The effects of wheelchair mobility skills and exercise training on physical activity, fitness, skills and confidence in youth using a manual wheelchair.
Disabil Rehabil2021 Apr;():1-10. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1907456.
Sol Marleen E, Verschuren Olaf, Horemans Henricus, Westers Paul, Visser-Meily Johanna M A, De Groot Janke F, ,
Abstract
PURPOSE:
To evaluate the effects of a combination of wheelchair mobility skills (WMS) training and exercise training on physical activity (PA), WMS, confidence in wheelchair mobility, and physical fitness.
METHODS:
outh using a manual wheelchair (?=?60) participated in this practice-based intervention, with a waiting list period (16 weeks), exercise training (8 weeks), WMS training (8 weeks), and follow-up (16 weeks). Repeated measures included: PA (Activ8), WMS (Utrecht Pediatric Wheelchair Mobility Skills Test), confidence in wheelchair mobility (Wheelchair Mobility Confidence Scale), and physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness, (an)aerobic performance) and were analysed per outcome parameter using a multilevel model analyses. Differences between the waiting list and training period were determined with an unpaired sample -test.
RESULTS:
Multilevel model analysis showed significant positive effects for PA (?=?0.01), WMS (?
CONCLUSIONS:
A combination of exercise and WMS training appears to have significant positive long-term effects on PA, WMS, confidence in wheelchair mobility, and (an)aerobic performance in youth using a manual wheelchair.Implications for rehabilitationExercise training and wheelchair mobility skills (WMS) training can lead to a sustained improvement in physical activity (PA) in youth using a manual wheelchair.These combined trainings can also lead to a sustained increase in WMS, confidence in wheelchair mobility, and (an)aerobic performance.More attention is needed in clinical practice and in research towards improving PA in youth using a manual wheelchair.
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Modulators of Change-of-Direction Economy After Repeated Sprints in Elite Soccer Players.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform2021 Apr;():1-7. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0740.
Dolci Filippo, Kilding Andrew E, Spiteri Tania, Chivers Paola, Piggott Ben, Maiorana Andrew, Hart Nicolas H,
Abstract
PURPOSE:
To investigate the acute effect of repeated-sprint activity (RSA) on change-of-direction economy (assessed using shuttle running economy [SRE]) in soccer players and explore neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory characteristics that may modulate this effect.
METHODS:
Eleven young elite male soccer players (18.5 [1.4] y old) were tested on 2 different days during a 2-week period in their preseason. On day 1, lower-body stiffness, power and force were assessed via countermovement jumps, followed by an incremental treadmill test to exhaustion to measure maximal aerobic capacity. On day 2, 2 SRE tests were performed before and after a repeated-sprint protocol with heart rate, minute ventilation, and blood lactate measured.
RESULTS:
Pooled group analysis indicated no significant changes for SRE following RSA due to variability in individual responses, with a potentiation or impairment effect of up to 4.5% evident across soccer players. The SRE responses to RSA were significantly and largely correlated to players' lower-body stiffness (r = .670; P = .024), and moderately (but not significantly) correlated to players' force production (r = -.455; P = .237) and blood lactate after RSA (r = .327; P = .326).
CONCLUSIONS:
In summary, SRE response to RSA in elite male soccer players appears to be highly individual. Higher lower-body stiffness appears as a relevant physical contributor to preserve or improve SRE following RSA.
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A Scoping Review of Exercise Referral Schemes Involving Qualified Exercise Professionals in Primary Health Care.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab2021 Apr;():. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2020-1070.
O'Brien Myles W, Bray Nick W, Kivell Matthew J, Fowles Jonathon R,
Abstract
Qualified exercise professionals (QEPs) have the training, knowledge, and scope of practice to effectively provide physical activity counselling, prescribe exercise, and deliver exercise programming to patients with or without chronic diseases. Healthcare providers identify an interest in referring patients to QEPs; however, the impact of exercise referral schemes (ERS) involving QEPs on patients' physical health is unclear. A scoping review regarding the available evidence of ERS involving healthcare provider referrals to QEPs was performed. A literature search was conducted in six databases (initially: n=6011 articles), yielding n=23 articles examining QEP delivered physical activity counselling (n=7), QEP supervised exercise training (n=4), or some combination (n=12). Although studies were heterogeneous in methods, procedures, and populations, ERSs increased patients' subjective physical activity levels. Few studies incorporated objective physical activity measures (n=5/23), and almost half measured aerobic fitness (n=11/23). ERS involving a QEP that includes activity counselling and/or exercise programming/training report favourable impacts on patients' subjectively measured physical activity and objectively measured aerobic fitness. Based on the existing literature on the topic, this scoping review provides recommendations for designing and/or evaluating ERS with QEPs that include: objective measures, long-term follow-up, QEP qualifications, and the cost-effectiveness of ERS. Novelty: ? ERS involving QEPs report increased patients' perceived physical activity level and may improve patients' cardiorespiratory fitness. ? Promoting the collaboration of QEPs with other healthcare providers can enhance patients' physical fitness and health. ? This scoping review provides recommendations for the design and evaluation of ERS involving QEPs.
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Sleep Clinical Record application in Brazilian children and its comparison with Italian children.
Sleep Med X2019 Dec;1():100008. doi: 10.1016/j.sleepx.2019.100008.
Corrêa Camila de Castro, Weber Silke Anna Theresa, Evangelisti Melania, Villa Maria Pia,
Abstract
Objective:
To apply the Sleep Clinical Record (SCR) to a sample of Brazilian children with sleep complaints, to compare the results with Italian children, and to identify variables that influence phenotype.
Methods:
Brazilian and Italian children, 4-11 years of age and matched for age, gender, obesity, and apnea-hypopnea index and who presented with complaints related to sleep, were selected. The instrument used was the SCR, and the procedure used was full-night cardiorespiratory monitoring.
Results:
The sample consisted of 51 Brazilian children and 102 Italian children. Brazilian children presented with oral breathing (55%), tonsillar hypertrophy (69%), Friedman palate position (88%), malocclusion (84%), and OSAS score (Brouilette questionnaire) (55%). The SCR among obese Brazilian children was higher as compared to that in nonobese subjects (obese, 10.84 vs nonobese, 9.13; = 0.03). In the comparison between Brazilian and Italian children, the total Brazilian SCR was higher than the Italian SCR score (Brazilian SCR, 10.21 ± 7.56; Italian SCR, 8.95 ± 2.55; = 0.002). The Italian SCR score was influenced by obesity, whereas the Brazilian SCR was influenced by others symptoms (daytime sleepiness, enuresis, nocturnal choking, headache, limb movements).
Conclusion:
Brazilian children with sleep-disordered breathing show a higher SCR score as compared to Italian children. Obesity and tonsillar hypertrophy, Friedman palate position alteration, and dental malocclusion further influenced the total SCR score among Brazilian children. This may be due to access difficulties in Brazil where children should have more assistance to obtain medical care.
© 2019 The Author(s).
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Co-bedding of Preterm Newborn Pigs Reduces Necrotizing Enterocolitis Incidence Independent of Vital Functions and Cortisol Levels.
Front Pediatr2021 ;9():636638. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.636638.
Brunse Anders, Peng Yueming, Li Yanqi, Lykkesfeldt Jens, Sangild Per Torp,
Abstract
Preterm infants are born with immature organs, leading to morbidities such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a gut inflammatory disease associated with adverse feeding responses but also hemodynamic and respiratory instability. Skin-to-skin contact including "kangaroo care" may improve infant survival and health improved vital functions (e.g., pulmonary, cardiovascular) and endocrine influences by adrenal glucocorticoids. Clinical effects of skin-to-skin contact for newborn siblings ("co-bedding") are not known. Using NEC-susceptible Preterm pigs as models, we hypothesized that co-bedding and exogenous glucocorticoids improve vital functions and NEC resistance. In experiment 1, cesarean-delivered, formula-fed Preterm pigs were reared in incubators with (co-bedding, COB, = 30) or without (single-bedding, SIN, = 29) a sibling until euthanasia and tissue collection on day four. In experiment 2, single-bedded Preterm pigs were treated postnatally with a tapering dose of hydrocortisone (HC, = 19, 1-3 mg/kg/d) or saline (CON, = 19). Co-bedding reduced NEC incidence (38 vs. 65%, < 0.05) and increased the density of colonic goblet cells (+20%, < 0.05) but had no effect on pulmonary and cardiovascular functions (respiration, blood pressure, heart rate, blood gases) or cortisol levels. There were limited differences in intestinal villous architecture and digestive enzyme activities. In experiment 2, HC treatment increased NEC lesions in the small intestine without any effects on pulmonary or cardiovascular functions. Co-bedding may improve gut function and NEC resistance independently of cardiorespiratory function and cortisol levels, but pharmacological cortisol treatment predispose to NEC. Preterm pigs may be a useful tool to better understand the physiological effects of co-bedding, neonatal stressors and their possible interactions with morbidities in Preterm neonates.
Copyright © 2021 Brunse, Peng, Li, Lykkesfeldt and Sangild.
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Management of cardiorespiratory function of rabbits by a customized chest drain: An experimental study.
J Adv Vet Anim Res2021 Mar;8(1):138-145. doi: 10.5455/javar.2021.h496.
Sultana Jachmen, Rahman Quazi Billur, Chowdhury Emdadul Haque, Juyena Nasrin Sultana, Bashar Md Abul,
Abstract
Objective:
This study aimed to salvage the study population from the fatality that occurs due to iatrogenic injury to the thoracic cavity's pleural membrane.
Materials and Methods:
An experimental study of temporomandibular joint arthroplasty with costochondral graft was carried out on 72 healthy '' species of male rabbits. The rabbits were distributed into two age groups: growing (3-4 months) and adult (12-18 months). All the procedures were carried out under general anesthesia with xylazine hydrochloride and ketamine hydrochloride after calculating the doses, maintained by halothane and O inhalations. Out of 72 rabbits, 33 rabbits had accidental perforation of the pleural membrane observed that required a chest drain.
Results:
In this study, 21 (63.64%) rabbits received chest drain and salvaged. The rest of the rabbits ( = 12; 36.36%) that did not receive any chest drain and died. Most of the rabbits ( = 17; 81%) were under the growing group, weighing less than 2 kg and four (19%) were adult rabbits.
Conclusion:
This manual chest drain is life-saving for rabbits. It is a new addition to the advancement of thoracic surgery on animals. It is cost-effective and safe. The developed customized drainage system may make it easier to harvest the costochondral graft-related experiments.
Copyright: © Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research.
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Physical and functional performance assessment in pediatric oncology: a systematic review.
Pediatr Res2021 Apr;():. doi: 10.1038/s41390-021-01523-5.
Söntgerath Regine, Däggelmann Julia, Kesting Sabine V, Rueegg Corina S, Wittke Torge-Christian, Reich Simon, Eckert Katharina G, Stoessel Sandra, Chamorro-Viña Carolina, Wiskemann Joachim, Wright Peter, Senn-Malashonak Anna, Oschwald Vanessa, Till Anne-Marie, Götte Miriam,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Research indicates reduced physical performance from diagnosis into survivorship of pediatric cancer patients. However, there is no systematic information or guideline available on the methods to assess physical performance and function in this population. The purpose was to systematically compile and describe assessments of physical performance and function in patients and survivors of pediatric cancer, including cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, speed, balance, flexibility, functional mobility, gait and motor performance test batteries.
METHODS:
We searched the databases PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Database and performed abstract and full-text selection of 2619 articles according to the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews. Information on patients characteristics, assessments, information on validity and reliability, and relevant references was extracted.
RESULTS:
In summary, 63 different assessments were found in 149 studies including 11639 participants. Most studies evaluated cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength with the majority conducted off treatment. Some outcomes (e.g. speed) and diagnoses (e.g. neuroblastoma) were severely underrepresented. With the exception of gait, leukemia patients represented the largest group of individuals tested.
CONCLUSIONS:
Insufficient data and patient heterogeneity complicate uniform recommendations for assessments. Our results support researchers and practitioners in selecting appropriate assessment to meet their specific research questions or individual daily practice needs.
IMPACT:
This systematic review includes 149 studies and provides a comprehensive summary of 63 assessments to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, speed, balance, flexibility, functional mobility, gait or motor performance test batteries in patients and survivors of pediatric cancer. We present the most studied fields within the pediatric cancer population, which are cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength, off treatment phase, and leukemia patients. We propose research priorities by identification of subgroups in terms of cancer type, phase of treatment, and outcome of interest that are underrepresented in studies currently available.
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Solid Organ Donation from Brain Dead Donors with Cardiorespiratory Arrest after Snow Avalanche Burial - A Retrospective Single-Centre Study.
Transplantation2021 Apr;():. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000003785.
Lukas Gasteiger, Putzer Gabriel, Regina Unterpertinger, Benno Cardini, Stefan Schneeberger, Stephan Eschertzhuber, Peter Mair,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Complete snow avalanche burial is associated with high mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and incidence of organ retrieval in brain-dead donors following cardiorespiratory arrest due to avalanche burial and to evaluate the function of transplanted organs.
METHODS:
The transplant registry of the Medical University of Innsbruck was searched for organ donors with a history of avalanche burial, and the function and survival of transplanted organs were assessed.
RESULTS:
Thirty-three organs were procured from eight donors and 31 organs (13 kidneys, 6 livers, 3 pancreases, 5 hearts, 4 lungs) were ultimately transplanted. Allograft and recipient 1-year survival were 100% and both initial and long-term graft function were good. Only one-third of all avalanche victims who died in the ICU with signs of irreversible hypoxic brain injury became organ donors.
CONCLUSIONS:
Initial experience from this retrospective study suggests that organs from brain-dead avalanche victims can be transplanted with good results. Starting a Donation after Circulatory Determination of Death program might be an option for increasing the number of organ donations from avalanche victims with irreversible hypoxic brain injury.
Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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The association between cardiorespiratory fitness, liver fat and insulin resistance in adults with or without type 2 diabetes: a cross sectional-analysis.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil2021 Apr;13(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s13102-021-00261-9.
Sabag Angelo, Keating Shelley E, Way Kimberley L, Sultana Rachelle N, Lanting Sean M, Twigg Stephen M, Johnson Nathan A,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Exercise-induced improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) often coincide with improvements in insulin sensitivity and reductions in liver fat content. However, there are limited data concerning the relationship between CRF and liver fat content in adults with varying degrees of metabolic dysfunction.
METHODS:
The aim of this study was to examine the association between CRF, liver fat content, and insulin resistance in inactive adults with obesity and with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D), via cross-sectional analysis. CRF was determined via a graded exercise test. Liver fat content was assessed via proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and insulin resistance was assessed via homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). A partial correlation analysis, controlling for age and gender, was performed to determine the association between CRF, demographic, cardiometabolic, and anthropometric variables. Independent t tests were performed to compare cardiometabolic outcomes between participants with T2D and participants without T2D.
RESULTS:
Seventy-two adults (46% male) with a mean age of 49.28?±?10.8?years, BMI of 34.69?±?4.87?kg/m, liver fat content of 8.37?±?6.90%, HOMA-IR of 3.07 ± 2.33 and CRF of 21.52?±?3.77?mL/kg/min participated in this study. CRF was inversely associated with liver fat content (r?=?-?0.28, p?=?0.019) and HOMA-IR (r?=?-?0.40, p?
CONCLUSION:
CRF was inversely associated with liver fat content and insulin resistance. Participants with T2D had lower CRF than those without T2D, however, the difference was not statistically significant. Further longitudinal studies are required to elucidate the relationship between CRF and the progression of obesity-related diseases such as T2D. Registration: ACTRN12614001220651 (retrospectively registered on the 19th November 2014) and ACTRN12614000723684 (prospectively registered on the 8th July 2014).
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Perioperative Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy: A Review With the Emphasis on Randomized Controlled Trials and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
Anesth Analg2021 May;132(5):1306-1313. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000005480.
Jonsson Fagerlund M, Franklin K A,
Abstract
The perioperative use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy has increased substantially in recent years, particularly in relationship to the treatment of patients with known or suspected obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). OSA is common in the surgical population and is reported as an independent risk factor for postoperative complications, intensive care unit admission, and increased length of hospital stay. A large proportion of OSA patients are undiagnosed at the time of surgery and can therefore not be optimized preoperatively. Nowadays, golden standard treatment of moderate to severe OSA is nightly CPAP at home, often with an autotitration mode. Unfortunately, there are only a handful of randomized clinical trials investigating the effect of preoperative and/or postoperative CPAP treatment in OSA patients, so the perioperative guidelines are based on a combination of randomized clinical trials, observational studies, case studies, and expert opinions. In this review, we have summarized the current evidence regarding the use of perioperative CPAP therapy with an emphasis on patients with OSA. We identified 21 randomized, controlled trials that investigated the effect of CPAP on postoperative physiology and complications in surgical patients. Our review reveals evidence, suggesting that CPAP after surgery improves oxygenation and reduces the need for reintubation and mechanical ventilation after surgery. It is also evident that CPAP reduces apnea and hypopnea frequency and related hypoxemia after surgery. Poor adherence to CPAP in the perioperative setting is a limiting factor in assessing its potential to optimize postoperative cardiorespiratory outcomes. Studies of postoperative outcomes in patients who have previously been prescribed CPAP for OSA and are therefore familiar with its use could help to address this shortcoming, but they are unfortunately lacking. This shortcoming should be addressed in future studies. Furthermore, many of the studies of the postoperative effect of CPAP in OSA patents are small, and therefore, single-center studies and larger randomized, controlled multicenter studies are warranted.
Copyright © 2021 International Anesthesia Research Society.
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Reciprocal Longitudinal Relationship Between Fitness, Fatness, and Metabolic Syndrome in Brazilian Children and Adolescents: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study.
Pediatr Exerc Sci2021 Apr;():1-8. doi: 10.1123/pes.2020-0197.
Reuter Cézane Priscila, Brand Caroline, Silveira João Francisco de Castro, Borba Schneiders Letícia de, Renner Jane Dagmar Pollo, Borfe Letícia, Burns Ryan Donald,
Abstract
PURPOSE:
To verify the reciprocal longitudinal relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), percentage body fat (%body fat), and metabolic syndrome in Brazilian primary school students.
METHOD:
This longitudinal study involved 420 children and adolescents followed for 3 years (2011-2014). The continuous Metabolic Syndrome (cMetSyn) score was calculated by summing adjusted z scores of glucose, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, and waist circumference. The CRF was assessed using running/walking tests, and %body fat was assessed through sex-specific 2-site skinfold thickness. Cross-lagged panel models were used to analyze longitudinal reciprocal relationships between CRF and %body fat with cMetSyn.
RESULTS:
Results indicated that 2011 %body fat significantly predicted both 2014 CRF scores and 2014 cMetSyn scores (P < .001); however, 2011 CRF only predicted 2014 %body fat (P < .001) but not 2014 cMetSyn (P = .103). Furthermore, 2011 cMetSyn predicted 2014 %body fat (P = .002). The model explained 36%, 48%, and 37% of the variance in 2014 CRF, %body fat, and cMetSyn, respectively.
CONCLUSION:
The results suggest a reciprocal inverse relationship between %body fat and metabolic syndrome risk and that %body fat may play a more important role in the risk of developing metabolic syndrome compared with CRF.
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