SOSTIENICI
Pubblicazioni recenti - cardiorespiratory
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Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Markedly Decreased following Exercise Training in Patients with Biopsy-Proven Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.
Nutrients2023 Mar;15(6):. doi: 1481.
Stine Jonathan G, Welles Jaclyn E, Keating Shelley, Hussaini Zeba, Soriano Christopher, Heinle J Wes, Geyer Nathaniel, Chinchilli Vernon M, Loomba Rohit, Kimball Scot R,
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS:
Exercise remains a key component of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) treatment. However, mechanisms underpinning the improvements in NAFLD seen with exercise are unclear. Exercise improved liver fat and serum biomarkers of liver fibrosis in the NASHFit trial. We investigated exercise's mechanism of benefit by conducting a post hoc analysis of these data to determine the relationship between serum fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21, which is implicated in NAFLD development, and exercise.
METHODS:
In the 20 wk NASHFit trial, patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were randomized to receive moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training or standard clinical care. Mediterranean-informed dietary counseling was provided to each group. Change in serum FGF21 was measured after an overnight fast.
RESULTS:
There was a significant improvement in serum FGF21 with exercise training compared to standard clinical care ( = 0.037) with serum FGF21 reducing by 22% (-243.4 +/-349 ng/mL) with exercise vs. a 34% increase (+88.4 ng/mL +/-350.3 ng/mL) with standard clinical care. There was a large inverse association between change in serum FGF21 and change in cardiorespiratory fitness (VOpeak) (r = -0.62, 95% CI -0.88 to -0.05, = 0.031), and on multivariable analysis, change in VOpeak remained independently associated with change in FGF21 (? = -44.5, 95% CI -83.8 to -5.11, = 0.031).
CONCLUSIONS:
Serum FGF21 is markedly decreased in response to aerobic exercise training, offering a novel mechanism to explain the observed reduction in liver fat and improvement in serum biomarkers of liver fibrosis in patients with NASH who do exercise.
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Associations between Dietary Patterns and Physical Activity with Physical Fitness among Adolescents in Shandong Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Nutrients2023 Mar;15(6):. doi: 1425.
Wu Sizhu, Xiu Xiaolei, Qian Qing,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The trend of physical fitness (PF) and physical activity (PA) among Chinese adolescents is not optimistic, and unhealthy dietary behaviors are common. PA and dietary patterns (DPs) have been linked to PF in adolescents, but the associations between DPs and PF with PF in Chinese adolescents are rarely discussed.
METHODS:
A total of 8796 adolescents aged 11-18 were enrolled from Shandong Province, China. The CNSPFS battery was applied to assess PF. PA levels and diet quality were determined using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents and the modified Chinese Diet Quality Questionnaire, respectively. This study used factor analysis to identify DPs and linear regression models to investigate the association between PF and related factors.
RESULTS:
The average PF score of the participants was 75.67. Adolescents who were girls, lived in rural areas and were active in PA performed better on the PF test (
CONCLUSIONS:
Girls performed better in PF than boys. Highly educated fathers could contribute to improve the PF performance in boys. There were four DPs among adolescents in Shandong Province, and different DPs may have different effects on PF in boys and girls.
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Post-COVID Syndrome and Cardiorespiratory Fitness-26-Month Experience of Single Center.
Life (Basel)2023 Mar;13(3):. doi: 684.
Sova Milan, Sovova Eliska, Ozana Jaromir, Moravcova Katarina, Sovova Marketa, Jelinek Libor, Mizera Jan, Genzor Samuel,
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
Persistent post-COVID syndrome, also referred to as long COVID, is a pathologic entity that involves persistent physical, medical, and cognitive sequelae following COVID-19. Decreased fitness has repeatedly been reported in numerous studies dealing with post-COVID syndrome, however, it is still not fully clear which groups of patients may be more susceptible for persisting symptoms.
AIM:
The aim of our study was to evaluate the number of post-COVID patients with cardiac symptoms, where these patients were evaluated by CPET and the results compared with a control group of patients.
METHODS:
Follow-up of patients in post-COVID outpatient clinic from 1 March 2020 to 31 May 2022. Inclusion criteria were positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 and age 18-100. The initial examination was performed 4-12 weeks after the disease onset. All patients with possible cardiac symptoms had completed cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The control group was randomly selected from a database of clients in 2019, with the preventive reason for evaluation.
RESULTS:
From 1 March 2020 to 31 May 2022, 2732 patients (45.7% males) were evaluated with a mean age of 54.6 ± 14.7. CPET was indicated only in 97 patients (3.5%). Seventy-four patients (26 male) achieved the exercise maximum and a comparison were made with a control group (same age ( = 0.801), BMI ( = 0.721), and sex ratio). No significant dependence between the parameter VO max mL/kg/min and post-COVID disability was demonstrated ( = 0.412). Spearman's correlation analysis did not show a significant relationship between the parameter VO max mL/kg/min and the severity of COVID-19 ( = 0.285).
CONCLUSIONS:
Cardiac symptoms occurred in only a small percentage of patients in our study. There is a need for further studies that would objectively evaluate the effect of COVID-19 disease on the patient's health.
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Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Atrial Fibrillation in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study.
J Pers Med2023 Mar;13(3):. doi: 527.
Brunetti Valerio, Testani Elisa, Losurdo Anna, Vollono Catello, Broccolini Aldobrando, Di Iorio Riccardo, Frisullo Giovanni, Pilato Fabio, Profice Paolo, Marotta Jessica, Rollo Eleonora, Scala Irene, Calabresi Paolo, Della Marca Giacomo,
Abstract
: There is a growing body of evidence suggesting a link between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and atrial fibrillation (AF). The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the association between OSA and AF in acute ischemic stroke. The secondary objective is to describe the clinical features of patients with acute ischemic stroke and concomitant OSA. : We enrolled consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke. All patients underwent full-night cardiorespiratory polygraphy. To determine if there is an association between AF and OSA, we compared the observed frequency of this association with the expected frequency from a random co-occurrence of the two conditions. Subsequently, patients with and without OSA were compared. : A total of 174 patients were enrolled (mean age 67.3 ± 11.6 years; 95 males). OSA and AF were present in 89 and 55 patients, respectively. The association OSA + AF was observed in 33/174 cases, which was not statistically different compared to the expected co-occurrence of the two conditions. Patients with OSA showed a higher neck circumference and body mass index, a higher prevalence of hypertension and dysphagia, and a higher number of central apneas/hypoapneas. In the multivariate analysis, dysphagia and hypertension were independent predictors of OSA. A positive correlation was observed between OSA severity, BMI, and neck circumference. The number of central apneas/hypoapneas was positively correlated with stroke severity. : Our data suggest that OSA and AF are highly prevalent but not associated in acute stroke. Our findings support the hypothesis that OSA acts as an independent risk factor for stroke.
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Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Children and Young Adolescents after a Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome: Physical Deconditioning or Residual Pathology?
J Clin Med2023 Mar;12(6):. doi: 2375.
Gentili Federica, Calcagni Giulio, Cantarutti Nicoletta, Manno Emma Concetta, Cafiero Giulia, Tranchita Eliana, Salvati Annamaria, Palma Paolo, Giordano Ugo, Drago Fabrizio, Turchetta Attilio,
Abstract
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a serious health condition that imposes a long-term follow-up. The purpose of our pilot study is to evaluate the usefulness of the cardiopulmonary stress test (CPET) in the follow-up after MIS-C. All patients admitted for MIS-C in our hospital in the 12 months preceding the date of observation were considered for inclusion in the study. Pre-existing cardio-respiratory diseases and/or the lack of collaboration were the exclusion criteria. At enrolment, each subject passed a cardiological examination, rest ECG, echocardiogram, 24 h Holter-ECG, blood tests, and a CPET complete of spirometry. A total of 20 patients met the inclusion criteria (11.76 ± 3.29 years, 13 male). In contrast to the normality of all second-level investigations, CPET showed lower-than-expected peakVO and peak-oxygen-pulse values (50% of cases) and higher-than-expected VE/VCOslope values (95% of cases). A statistically significant inverse correlation was observed between P-reactive-protein values at admission and peakVO/kg values ( 0.034), uric acid values at admission, and peakVO ( 0.011) or peak-oxygen-pulse expressed as a percentage of predicted ( = 0.021), NT-proBNP values at admission and peakVO expressed as a percentage of predicted ( = 0.046). After MIS-C (4-12 months) relevant anomalies can be observed at CPET, which can be a valuable tool in the follow-up after this condition.
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Pulmonary Hypertension.
Int J Mol Sci2023 Mar;24(6):. doi: 5085.
Parperis Konstantinos, Velidakis Nikolaos, Khattab Elina, Gkougkoudi Evangelia, Kadoglou Nikolaos P E,
Abstract
Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) is a common manifestation in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and varies from asymptomatic to life-threatening disease. PH can result not only from immune system dysregulation, but also from various conditions, including cardiorespiratory disorders and thromboembolic diseases. Most commonly, SLE-related PH presents with non-specific symptoms, such as progressive dyspnea on exertion, generalized fatigue and weakness and eventually dyspnea at rest. Prompt diagnosis of SLE-related PH and early identification of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms is demanded in order to introduce targeted therapy to prevent irreversible pulmonary vascular damage. In most cases the management of PH in SLE patients is similar to idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Furthermore, specific diagnostic tools like biomarkers or screening protocols, to establish early diagnosis seem to be not available yet. Although, the survival rates for patients with SLE-related PH vary between studies, it is evident that PH presence negatively affects the survival of SLE patients.
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Changes in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Probability of Developing Abdominal Obesity at One and Two Years.
Int J Environ Res Public Health2023 Mar;20(6):. doi: 4754.
Ortega Ricardo, Grandes Gonzalo, Agulló-Ortuño María Teresa, Gómez-Cantarino Sagrario,
Abstract
Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with an increased risk of developing abdominal obesity (AO), but it is not known if and/or how changes in CRF affect AO. We examined the relationship between changes in CRF and the risk of developing AO. This is a retrospective observational study of a cohort of 1883 sedentary patients, who had participated in a clinical trial of physical activity promotion carried out in Spain (2003-2007). These data were not used in the clinical trial. At baseline, they were free of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and/or AO; with an indirect VOmax measurement; 19-80 years old; and 62% were women. All the measures were repeated at 6, 12, and 24 months. The exposure factor was the change in CRF at 6 or 12 months, categorized in these groups: unfit-unfit, unfit-fit, fit-unfit, and fit-fit. We considered fit and unfit participants as those with VOmax values in the high tertile, and in the moderate or low tertiles, respectively. The main outcome measure was the risk of developing AO at one and two years, as defined by waist circumference >102 (men) and >88 (women) cm. At two years, 10.5% of the participants had developed AO: 13.5% in the unfit-unfit group of change at 6 months; 10.3% in the unfit-fit group (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.86; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49-1.52); 2.6% in the fit-unfit group (AOR 0.13; 95%CI 0.03-0.61); and 6.0% in the fit-fit group (AOR 0.47; 95%CI 0.26-0.84). Those who stayed fit at 6 months decreased the probability of developing abdominal obesity at two years.
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Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training vs. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Fat Loss and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Young and Middle-Aged a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Int J Environ Res Public Health2023 Mar;20(6):. doi: 4741.
Guo Zhicheng, Li Meng, Cai Jianguang, Gong Weiqi, Liu Yin, Liu Ze,
Abstract
OBJECTIVES:
This systematic review is conducted to evaluate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in the young and middle-aged.
METHODS:
Seven databases were searched from their inception to 22 October 2022 for studies (randomized controlled trials only) with HIIT and MICT intervention. Meta-analysis was carried out for within-group (pre-intervention vs. post-intervention) and between-group (HIIT vs. MICT) comparisons for change in body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), percent fat mass (PFM), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and CRF.
RESULTS:
A total of 1738 studies were retrieved from the database, and 29 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Within-group analyses indicated that both HIIT and MICT can bring significant improvement in body composition and CRF, except for FFM. Between-group analyses found that compared to MICT, HIIT brings significant benefits to WC, PFM, and VO.
CONCLUSIONS:
The effect of HIIT on fat loss and CRF in the young and middle-aged is similar to or better than MICT, which might be influenced by age (18-45 years), complications (obesity), duration (>6 weeks), frequency, and HIIT interval. Despite the clinical significance of the improvement being limited, HIIT appears to be more time-saving and enjoyable than MICT.
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Effects of Exercise and Physical Activity Levels on Childhood Cancer: An Umbrella Review.
Healthcare (Basel)2023 Mar;11(6):. doi: 820.
Rapti Christina, Dinas Petros C, Chryssanthopoulos Costas, Mila Alexandra, Philippou Anastassios,
Abstract
Patients and survivors of childhood cancer experience adverse effects related to the disease and its treatment. These adverse effects are associated with both physiological and psychological health. Exercise helps manage the side effects and improve the health outcomes. The objective of this umbrella review is to search the current literature in the context of exercise and physical activity as complementary interventions on pediatric cancer and to provide comprehensive information about the derived health outcomes. A literature search was conducted on the Cochrane, PubMed, and Embase databases for systematic reviews published up to January 2023. Moreover, a hand search of reference lists was performed. We included participants under 19 years of age at diagnosis of any type of childhood cancer, without restriction on the type or phase of treatment, who participated in exercise interventions. The results showed a beneficial impact on fatigue, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, activity and participation levels, psychosocial health, cardiovascular/cardiorespiratory fitness, physical function, bone mineral density, and brain volume and structure, with limited and not serious adverse effects. These findings documented that exercise interventions had a positive effect on many physiological and psychological health outcomes in pediatric cancer patients and survivors.
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Mediating Effect of Motivation on the Relationship of Fitness with Volitional High-Intensity Exercise in High-School Students.
Healthcare (Basel)2023 Mar;11(6):. doi: 800.
Bento André, Carrasco Luis, Raimundo Armando,
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and motivation in adolescents and analyze if the associations of physical fitness with volitional exercise intensity in adolescents are mediated by motivation. The participants were 108 adolescents (58 girls 16.0 ± 0.92 years). Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was assessed using the Yo-YoITL1, and the push-up test was used to evaluate strength. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The intervention was applied in the first 10-15 min of each Physical Education class (PEC), twice a week, for 16 weeks and ranged from 14 to 20 all-out bouts intervals, adopting a 2:1 work to rest ratio. A cut-point of ?90% of the maximal heart rate (HR) was used as a criterion for satisfactory compliance with high-intensity exercise. Volition intensity was assessed through a forearm wearable plethysmography heart rate sensor to ensure compliance with the exercise stimulus at the predetermined target HR zone. Motivation was estimated with a validated questionnaire (BREQ-3). Mediation effects were estimated using bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals and were deemed significant if zero was not included in the intervals, and values below 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. The mediation analysis revealed a non-significant indirect effect of physical fitness through motivation on exercise intensity, specifically on CRF (B = -0.0355, 95% BootCI [-0.5838; 0.4559]), muscular fitness (B = -0.7284, 95% BootCI [-2.0272; 0.2219]) and body fat (B = 0.5092, 95% BootCI [-0.4756; 1.6934]). These results suggest that high or low values of motivation did not increase or decrease volitional high-intensity exercise, and lower levels of fitness (CRF, muscular and body fat) were associated with higher volitional exercise intensity. These findings highlight the need for regular moderate-to-vigorous physical exercise for maintaining or improving physical fitness, regardless of motivation regulations, and emphasize the importance of new strategies in PEC with acute vigorous-intensity activities that retain the health-enhancing effects.
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Impact of Suspected Preterm Labor during Pregnancy on Cardiometabolic Profile and Neurodevelopment during Childhood: A Prospective Cohort Study Protocol.
Diagnostics (Basel)2023 Mar;13(6):. doi: 1101.
González Jesús, Vilella Marina, Ruiz Sonia, Iglesia Iris, Clavero-Adell Marcos, Ayerza-Casas Ariadna, Matute-Llorente Angel, Oros Daniel, Casajús Jose Antonio, Pueyo Victoria, Rodriguez Gerardo, Paules Cristina,
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
Suspected preterm labor (SPL), defined as the presence of regular and painful uterine contractions and cervical shortening, represents a prenatal insult with potential long-term consequences. However, despite recent evidence demonstrating suboptimal neurodevelopment at 2 years in this population, it remains underestimated as a significant risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders or other chronic diseases. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of suspected preterm labor during pregnancy on cardiometabolic profile and neurodevelopment during childhood (6-8 years).
METHODS AND ANALYSIS:
Prospective cohort study including children whose mothers suffered suspected preterm labour during pregnancy and paired controls. Neurodevelopmental, cardiovascular, and metabolic assessments will be performed at 6-8 years of age. A trained psychologist will carry out the neurodevelopment assessment including intelligence, visual perception, and behavioral assessment. Body composition and physical fitness assessment will be performed by one trained pediatrician and nurse. Finally, cardiovascular evaluation, including echocardiography and blood pressure, will be performed by two pediatric cardiologists. Data regarding perinatal and postnatal characteristics, diet, lifestyle, and weekly screen time of the child will be obtained from medical history and direct interviews with families. Primary outcome measures will include body mass index and adiposity, percentage of fat mass and total and regional lean mass, bone mineral content and density, cardiorespiratory resistance, isometric muscle strength, dynamic lower body strength, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, left ventricle (LV) systolic and diastolic function, general intelligence index, visuospatial working memory span, oculomotor control test, index of emotional, and behavioral problems.
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Analysis of Self-Perceived Physical Fitness of Physical Education Students in Public Schools in Extremadura (Spain).
Children (Basel)2023 Mar;10(3):. doi: 604.
Galán-Arroyo Carmen, Mendoza-Muñoz David Manuel, Pérez-Gómez Jorge, Hernández-Mosqueira Claudio, Rojo-Ramos Jorge,
Abstract
Adolescence is a stage of crucial physiological and psychological changes within the individual's life cycle, where fitness work is important. With self-perception being crucial in relation to adolescent health and well-being, a positive perception of fitness is directly related to increased practice or higher level of physical activity (PA). Thus, the aims were: (1) to analyze, with the Visual Analogue Fitness Perception Scale for Adolescents (FP VAS A), the self-perceived physical fitness (PF) of high school students, (2) to investigate if there are differences according to sex and school location, and (3) to study the correlations between the items of the FP VAS A with age and body mass index (BMI). For this purpose, a cross-sectional study was designed with a total of 961 participants, 48.8% boys and 51.2% girls in secondary education, where 31.9% studied in rural schools and 68.1% in urban schools. The FP VAS A scale was used to assess self-reported PF. Regarding the results, there were statistically significant differences between sexes (
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Overshoot of the Respiratory Exchange Ratio during Recovery from Maximal Exercise Testing in Young Patients with Congenital Heart Disease.
Children (Basel)2023 Mar;10(3):. doi: 521.
Vecchiato Marco, Ermolao Andrea, Zanardo Emanuele, Battista Francesca, Ruvoletto Giacomo, Palermi Stefano, Quinto Giulia, Degano Gino, Gasperetti Andrea, Padalino Massimo A, Di Salvo Giovanni, Neunhaeuserer Daniel,
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
The overshoot of the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) after exercise is reduced in patients with heart failure.
AIM:
The present study aimed to investigate the presence of this phenomenon in young patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), who generally present reduced cardiorespiratory fitness.
METHODS:
In this retrospective study, patients with CHD underwent a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) assessing the RER recovery parameters: the RER at peak exercise, the maximum RER value reached during recovery, the magnitude of the RER overshoot and the linear slope of the RER increase after the end of the exercise.
RESULTS:
In total, 117 patients were included in this study. Of these, there were 24 healthy age-matched control subjects and 93 young patients with CHD (transposition of great arteries, Fontan procedure, aortic coarctation and tetralogy of Fallot). All patients presented a RER overshoot during recovery. Patients with CHD showed reduced aerobic capacity and cardiorespiratory efficiency during exercise, as well as a lower RER overshoot when compared to controls. RER magnitude was higher in the controls and patients with aortic coarctation when compared to those with transposition of great arteries, previous Fontan procedure, and tetralogy of Fallot. The RER magnitude was found to be correlated with the most relevant cardiorespiratory fitness and efficiency indices.
CONCLUSIONS:
The present study proposes new recovery indices for functional evaluation in patients with CHD. Thus, the RER recovery overshoots analysis should be part of routine CPET evaluation to further improve prognostic risk stratifications in patients with CHD.
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Cardiorespiratory Assessments in Panic Disorder Facilitated by Wearable Devices: A Systematic Review and Brief Comparison of the Wearable Zephyr BioPatch with the Quark-b2 Stationary Testing System.
Brain Sci2023 Mar;13(3):. doi: 502.
Caldirola Daniela, Daccò Silvia, Grassi Massimiliano, Alciati Alessandra, Sbabo William M, De Donatis Domenico, Martinotti Giovanni, De Berardis Domenico, Perna Giampaolo,
Abstract
Abnormalities in cardiorespiratory measurements have repeatedly been found in patients with panic disorder (PD) during laboratory-based assessments. However, recordings performed outside laboratory settings are required to test the ecological validity of these findings. Wearable devices, such as sensor-imbedded garments, biopatches, and smartwatches, are promising tools for this purpose. We systematically reviewed the evidence for wearables-based cardiorespiratory assessments in PD by searching for publications on the PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase databases, from inception to 30 July 2022. After the screening of two-hundred and twenty records, eight studies were included. The limited number of available studies and critical aspects related to the uncertain reliability of wearables-based assessments, especially concerning respiration, prevented us from drawing conclusions about the cardiorespiratory function of patients with PD in daily life. We also present preliminary data on a pilot study conducted on volunteers at the Villa San Benedetto Menni Hospital for evaluating the accuracy of heart rate (HR) and breathing rate (BR) measurements by the wearable Zephyr BioPatch compared with the Quark-b2 stationary testing system. Our exploratory results suggested possible BR and HR misestimation by the wearable Zephyr BioPatch compared with the Quark-b2 system. Challenges of wearables-based cardiorespiratory assessment and possible solutions to improve their reliability and optimize their significant potential for the study of PD pathophysiology are presented.
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Cardio-Respiratory and Muscle Oxygenation Responses to Submaximal and Maximal Exercise in Normobaric Hypoxia: Comparison between Children and Adults.
Biology (Basel)2023 Mar;12(3):. doi: 457.
U?aj Anton, Sotiridis Alexandros, Debevec Tadej,
Abstract
As differential physiological responses to hypoxic exercise between adults and children remain poorly understood, we aimed to comprehensively characterise cardiorespiratory and muscle oxygenation responses to submaximal and maximal exercise in normobaric hypoxia between the two groups. Following familiarisation, fifteen children (Age = 9 ± 1 years) and fifteen adults (Age = 22 ± 2 years) completed two graded cycling exercise sessions to exhaustion in a randomized and single-blind manner in normoxia (NOR; FO = 20.9) and normobaric hypoxia (HYP; FO = 13.0) exercises conditions. Age-specific workload increments were 25 W·3 min for children and 40 W·3 min for adults. Gas exchange and vastus lateralis oxygenation parameters were measured continuously via metabolic cart and near-infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Hypoxia provoked significant decreases in maximal power output P (children = 29%; adults 16% (F = 39.3;
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Immediate Effects of Whole-Body versus Local Dynamic Electrostimulation of the Abdominal Muscles in Healthy People Assessed by Ultrasound: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Biology (Basel)2023 Mar;12(3):. doi: 454.
Álvarez-Barrio Lorena, Rodríguez-Pérez Vicente, Calvo-Lobo César, Leirós-Rodríguez Raquel, Alba-Pérez Eduardo, López-Rodríguez Ana Felicitas,
Abstract
Dynamic electrostimulation consists of the application of local or global electrostimulation together with physical exercise. This study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of a dynamic electrostimulation session on the thickness of the abdominal musculature, inter-rectus distance, heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature, and to identify possible differences in its form of application. A total of 120 healthy participants were divided into three groups: the whole-body electrostimulation group, the local electrostimulation group, and the control group without electrical stimulation. All groups performed a single session with the same dynamic exercise protocol. Muscle thickness and inter-rectus distance were evaluated ultrasonographically using the Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging technique both at rest and in muscle contraction (the active straight leg raise test) to find the post-intervention differences. The results showed significant differences in immediate post-intervention heart rate, with a smaller increase in the local electrostimulation group compared to the control and whole-body electrostimulation groups. No significant differences were identified between the groups after the interventions in the rest of the variables analyzed. Therefore, a local application, with the same effects as a global application on the abdominal musculature, has fewer contraindications, which makes its use more advisable, especially in populations with cardiorespiratory disorders, for which more research is needed.
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Rugby Fans in Training New Zealand (RUFIT NZ): a randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of a healthy lifestyle program for overweight men delivered through professional rugby clubs.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act2023 Mar;20(1):37. doi: 10.1186/s12966-022-01395-w.
Maddison Ralph, Hargreaves Elaine Anne, Jiang Yannan, Calder Amanda Jane, Wyke Sally, Gray Cindy M, Hunt Kate, Lubans David Revalds, Eyles Helen, Draper Nick, Heke Ihirangi, Kara Stephen, Sundborn Gerhard, Arandjus Claire, Gao Lan, Lee Peter, Lim Megumi, Marsh Samantha,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
A healthy lifestyle program that appeals to, and supports, overweight and obese New Zealand (NZ) European, M?ori (indigenous) and Pasifika men to achieve weight loss is urgently needed. A pilot program inspired by the successful Football Fans in Training program but delivered via professional rugby clubs in NZ (n?=?96) was shown to be effective in weight loss, adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviors, and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese men. A full effectiveness trial is now needed.
AIMS:
To determine the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of Rugby Fans In Training-NZ (RUFIT-NZ) on weight loss, fitness, blood pressure, lifestyle change, and health related quality of life (HRQoL) at 12- and 52-weeks.
METHODS:
We conducted a pragmatic, two-arm, multi-center, randomized controlled trial in NZ with 378 (target 308) overweight and obese men aged 30-65 years, randomized to an intervention group or wait-list control group. The 12-week RUFIT-NZ program was a gender-sensitised, healthy lifestyle intervention delivered through professional rugby clubs. Each intervention session included: i) a 1-h workshop-based education component focused on nutrition, physical activity, sleep, sedentary behavior, and learning evidence-based behavior change strategies for sustaining a healthier lifestyle; and 2) a 1-h group-based, but individually tailored, exercise training session. The control group were offered RUFIT-NZ after 52-weeks. The primary outcome was change in body weight from baseline to 52-weeks. Secondary outcomes included change in body weight at 12-weeks, waist circumference, blood pressure, fitness (cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal), lifestyle behaviors (leisure-time physical activity, sleep, smoking status, and alcohol and dietary quality), and health-related quality of life at 12- and 52-weeks.
RESULTS:
Our final analysis included 200 participants (intervention n?=?103; control n?=?97) who were able to complete the RUFIT-NZ intervention prior to COVID-19 restrictions. At 52-weeks, the adjusted mean group difference in weight change (primary outcome) was -2.77 kg (95% CI -4.92 to -0.61), which favored the intervention group. The intervention also resulted in favorable significant differences in weight change and fruit and vegetable consumption at 12-weeks; and waist circumference, fitness outcomes, physical activity levels, and health-related quality of life at both 12 and 52 weeks. No significant intervention effects were observed for blood pressure, or sleep. Incremental cost-effective ratios estimated were $259 per kg lost, or $40,269 per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained.
CONCLUSION:
RUFIT-NZ resulted in sustained positive changes in weight, waist circumference, physical fitness, self-reported physical activity, selected dietary outcomes, and health-related quality of life in overweight/obese men. As such, the program should be recommended for sustained delivery beyond this trial, involving other rugby clubs across NZ.
TRIAL REGISTRATION:
Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12619000069156. Registered 18 January 2019, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=376740 Universal Trial Number, U1111-1245-0645.
© 2023. The Author(s).
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Comparable Levels of Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Firefighters from Two Mid-West Fire Departments.
J Occup Environ Med2023 Mar;():. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002847.
Brin Halle N, Perumal Mohan D, Kopp Samantha R, Hutcheson Evan L, Dicks Nathan D, Walch Tanis J, Carper Michael J, Barry Allison M,
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
To objectively assess if firefighters are meeting the NFPA cardiorespiratory fitness and ACSM/AHA physical activity guidelines.
METHODS:
Two independent fire departments from the Midwest participated in the study. Firefighters wore an accelerometer to track physical activity and associated intensities. Additionally, firefighters completed a stage-graded treadmill exercise test determine their maximal oxygen uptake (V?O2max).
RESULTS:
A total of 43 career firefighters completed the study (FD1: n = 29, FD2: n = 14). Almost half (44.8% FD1 and 42.9% FD2) met the NFPA CRF Guidelines. Compared to the ACSM PA Guidelines of 30 minutes/day of MVPA, over half of FD2 (57.1%) met the recommended amount of PA, whereas FD1 had less than half (48.3%).
CONCLUSION:
This data demonstrates the need to improve firefighters' physical activity levels, cardiorespiratory fitness, and overall health.
Copyright © 2023 American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
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Association between Stress and Physical Fitness of University Students Post-COVID-19 Pandemic.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol2023 Mar;8(1):. doi: 33.
Suwannakul Boonsita, Sangkarit Noppharath, Manoy Pacharee, Amput Patchareeya, Tapanya Weerasak,
Abstract
Post-COVID-19 pandemic, most universities changed their educational model from online courses to onsite learning, allowing students to attend regular face-to-face classes. These changes can cause stress in students, which affects physical fitness. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between stress levels and physical fitness in female university students. The participants were 101 female university students, 18-23 years of age. All participants completed the Suan Prung Stress Test-60 (SPST-60). The physical fitness test included body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, as well as musculoskeletal fitness. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the associations between SPST-60 scores and physical fitness. A -value
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Feasibility of a point-of-care ultrasound protocol for cardiorespiratory evaluation of horses in different clinical settings.
J Vet Intern Med2023 Mar;():. doi: 10.1111/jvim.16674.
Bevevino Kari E, Cohen Noah D, Gordon Sonya G, Navas de Solis Cristobal,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
A point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) protocol for evaluation of the cardiac and respiratory systems in horses does not exist.
OBJECTIVES:
(a) Describe the windows of a POCUS protocol for cardiorespiratory assessment of horses (CRASH); (b) Estimate the number of acoustic windows that can be acquired by a sonographer-in-training; (c) Estimate the time required to complete the protocol for specific groups of horses; (d) Describe the sonographic abnormalities detected in horses presented with cardiovascular, respiratory, or systemic disease.
ANIMALS:
Twenty-seven healthy horses, 14 horses competing in athletic events, and 120 horses with clinical disease.
METHOD:
A pocket-sized ultrasound device was used to acquire 7 sonographic cardiorespiratory windows in various clinical scenarios. The duration of the examination was timed, and images were evaluated for diagnostic quality. Abnormalities in horses with clinical disease were determined by an expert sonographer.
RESULTS:
The CRASH protocol could be performed in healthy and diseased horses in hospital, barn, and competition settings between 5.5?±?0.9 (athletic horses) and 6.9?±?1.9 min (horses with clinical disease). Thoracic windows were obtained most consistently, followed by right parasternal long-axis echocardiographic windows. Frequently detected abnormalities were pleural fluid, lung consolidation, B-lines, and moderate-to-severe left-sided heart disease.
CONCLUSIONS:
The CRASH protocol was feasible using a pocket-sized ultrasound device in various groups of horses, could be completed rapidly in a variety of settings, and frequently identified sonographic abnormalities when evaluated by an expert sonographer. The diagnostic accuracy, observer agreement, and utility of the CRASH protocol merit further evaluation.
© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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