SOSTIENICI
Pubblicazioni recenti - cardiorespiratory
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Association between cardiorrespiratory fitness and cognitive control: is somatic maturity an important mediator?
BMC Pediatr2022 Dec;22(1):699. doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03777-2.
Weber Vinícius Muller Reis, da Costa Julio Cesar, Volpato Leonardo Alex, Romanzini Marcelo, Castro-Piñero Jose, Ronque Enio Ricardo Vaz,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Recently some articles presented information related to the possible effect of maturity over the cognitive control and cardiorespiratory fitness, however little is known about the real effects of maturity in the relation of these variables. In this sense, the purpose of this study was to examine the potential mediating role of somatic maturity on the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cognitive control.
METHODS:
This three-year longitudinal research comprises two data collection groups: a baseline conducted in 2016 with 394 adolescents (aged 11.7?±?0.6 years) and a follow-up in 2019 with 134 adolescents (aged 14.9?±?0.7 years). Anthropometry data, 20-m shuttle run test and peak height velocity (PHV) to determine the maximum oxygen uptake (VO) and somatic maturity, respectively, were collected at both sampling times. In parallel, the Sociodemographic and cognitive control function variables were included in the follow-up to evaluate the inhibitory control (by the Stroop test) and the visuo-spatial working memory (by the Corsi block-tapping test). Associations between CRF and cognitive functions were computed by multiple linear regression, with mediation as a function of PHV.
RESULTS:
CRF exhibited transversal associations with reaction time in congruent (??=?-0.004; p?=?0.001) and incongruent (??=?-0.005; p?=?0.004) stimulus-responses. Meanwhile, the variation in VO over the three year-study had a significant impact on the reaction time of congruent (??=?-0.006; p?=?0.001) and incongruent (??=?-0.006; p?=?0.012) responses at follow-up. However, PHV did not show a significant association with the cognitive functions, indicating no mediating role.
CONCLUSIONS:
Although the associations between CRF and the cognitive functions exhibited great transversal and longitudinal impacts, somatic maturity did not affect the cognitive control functions, associating exclusively with CRF.
© 2022. The Author(s).
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Role of oxides of nitrogen in the ozone-cardiorespiratory visit association.
Environ Pollut2022 Dec;():120802. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120802.
Seposo Xerxes, Ueda Kayo, Fook Sheng Ng Chris, Madaniyazi Lina, Sugata Seiji, Yoshino Ayako, Takami Akinori,
Abstract
Ozone (O)-induced health effects vary in terms of severity, from lung function deterioration, hospitalizations to death. Several studies have noted a linear increase in the health risk after O exposure. However, current evidence suggests a non-linear U- and J-shaped concentration-response (C-R) function. The potential increasing risks with decreasing O concentration may seem counterintuitive from a traditional standpoint of decreasing exposure should lead to decreasing health risk. This thus poses a question of whether the increasing risks with decreasing concentration are truly O-induced or might be from other C-R mechanisms. If these potential risks were to be unaccounted, this may seemingly contribute to the risks observed in the low concentration range. In this study, we examined the short-term effects of O on outpatient cardiorespiratory visits in 21 Japanese cities after adjusting for other air pollutant-specific C-R functions. Daily cardiorespiratory visits from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2016 were obtained from the Japanese Medical Data Center (JMDC) Co. Ltd. Similar period of meteorological and air pollution variables were obtained from relevant data sources. We utilized a time-stratified case crossover design coupled with the generalized additive mixed model (TSCC-GAMM) in estimating the O and cardiorespiratory outpatient visit association, after adjusting for several covariates. A total of 2,588,930 visits were recorded across the study period with a mean of 111.87 and a standard deviation of 138.75. Results revealed that crude O-cardiorespiratory visit exhibited a U-shaped pattern. However, adjustment of the oxides of nitrogen, particularly NO, attenuated the lower risk curve and subsequently altered the shape of the C-R function, with a substantial reduction observed during winter. NO- and NO-adjusted O-cardiorespiratory associations increased nearly linearly, without an apparent threshold. Current evidence suggests the importance of adjusting the oxides of nitrogen in estimating the O C-R risk functions.
Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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Construct validity and reliability of the 2-Minute Step Test (2MST) in individuals with low back pain.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord2022 Dec;23(1):1062. doi: 10.1186/s12891-022-06050-w.
de Jesus Sulamizia Filomena Costa, Bassi-Dibai Daniela, Pontes-Silva André, da Silva de Araujo Aliny, de Freitas Faria Silva Silvana, Veneroso Christiano Eduardo, de Paula Gomes Cid André Fidelis, Dibai-Filho Almir Vieira,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Functional tests are important clinical tools, since they are non-invasive methods, with simple applicability, and low cost. However, there are few tests adapted for individuals with chronic low back pain. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the test-retest and inter-rater reliability of the 2-Minute Step Test in individuals with chronic low back pain and to correlate the test score with measures of pain and physical activity.
METHODS:
We included patients aged between 18 and 45?years, of both sexes, and with low back pain. The interval between the test and retest was 7?days. We analyzed the data via intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), confidence interval at 95%, standard error of measurement, and minimum detectable change for reliability. We used the Spearman's correlation coefficient to verify the correlation between 2-Minute Step Test and measures of pain and physical activity (Numerical Pain Scale, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, Pain-Related Catastrophizing Thoughts Scale, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, and Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire).
RESULTS:
Sample is composed of 37 individuals, most of them female, with overweight and low back pain >?60?months. 2-Minute Step Test showed excellent test-retest (ICC?=?0.903) and inter-rater (ICC?=?0.925) reliability. Sport domain of the Baecke showed a significant correlation with the 2-Minute Step Test (rho?=?0.444).
CONCLUSION:
2-Minute Step Test is a reliable measure to measure the functional capacity of patients with chronic low back pain considering different times and examiners, as well as being positively correlated with sports practice.
© 2022. The Author(s).
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Training Practices of Football Players During the Early COVID-19 Lockdown Worldwide.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform2022 Dec;():1-10. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0186.
Washif Jad Adrian, Mujika Iñigo, DeLang Matthew D, Brito João, Dellal Alexandre, Haugen Thomas, Hassanmirzaei Bahar, Wong Del P, Farooq Abdulaziz, Dönmez Gürhan, Kim Kwang Joon, Duque Juan David Peña, MacMillan Lewis, Matsunaga Ryo, Rabbani Alireza, Romdhani Mohamed, Tabben Montassar, Zerguini Yacine, Zmijewski Piotr, Pyne David B, Chamari Karim,
Abstract
UNLABELLED:
The COVID-19 lockdown challenged the training options of athletes worldwide, including players from the most popular sport globally, football/soccer.
PURPOSE:
The authors explored the training practices of football players worldwide during the COVID-19 lockdown.
METHODS:
Football players (N = 2482, 30% professional, 22% semipro, and 48% amateur) completed an online survey (May-July 2020) on their training practices before versus during lockdown (March-June 2020). Questions were related to training frequency and session duration, as well as training knowledge and attitudes.
RESULTS:
Before lockdown, more professional (87%) than semipro (67%) and amateur (65%) players trained ?5 sessions/wk, but this proportion decreased during the lockdown to 55%, 35%, and 42%, respectively. Players (80%-87%) trained ?60 minutes before lockdown, but this proportion decreased to 45% in professionals, 43% in amateurs, and 36% in semipros during lockdown. At home, more than two-thirds of players had training space (73%) and equipment (66%) for cardiorespiratory training, while availability of equipment for technical and strength training was
CONCLUSION:
COVID-19 lockdown negatively affected training practices of football players worldwide, especially amateurs and semipros, for example, in training frequency, duration, intensity, technical, recovery, and other fitness training and coaching-related aspects. During lockdown-like situations, players should be monitored closely and provided appropriate support to facilitate their training.
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Effects of Face Masks on the Multiple Dimensions and Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Exertional Dyspnea.
Med Sci Sports Exerc2022 Oct;():. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003074.
Ferguson Olivia N, Mitchell Reid A, Schaeffer Michele R, Ramsook Andrew H, Dhillon Satvir S, Dominelli Paolo B, Molgat-Seon Yannick, Guenette Jordan A,
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
During the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, public health officials widely adopted the use of face masks (FM) to minimize infections. Despite consistent evidence that FMs increase dyspnea, no studies have examined the multidimensional components of dyspnea or their underlying physiological mechanisms.
METHODS:
In a randomized cross-over design, sixteen healthy individuals (n = 9 females, 25 ± 3 y) completed incremental cycling tests over three visits, where visits 2 & 3 were randomized to either surgical FM or no mask control. Dyspnea intensity and unpleasantness were assessed throughout exercise (0-10 Borg scale) and the Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile was administered immediately following exercise. Crural diaphragmatic electromyography (EMGdi) and esophageal pressure (Peso) were measured using a catheter to estimate neural respiratory drive and respiratory muscle effort, respectively.
RESULTS:
Dyspnea unpleasantness was significantly greater with the FM at the highest equivalent submaximal work rate achieved by a given participant in both conditions (iso-work) (5.9 ± 1.7 vs. 3.9 ± 2.9 Borg 0-10 units, P = 0.007) and at peak exercise (7.8 ± 2.1 vs. 5.9 ± 3.4 Borg 0-10 units, P = 0.01) with no differences in dyspnea intensity ratings throughout exercise compared to control. There were significant increases in the sensory quality of "smothering/air hunger" (P = 0.01) and the emotional response of "anxiousness" (P = 0.04) in the FM condition. There were significant increases in EMGdi and esophageal pressure at select submaximal work rates, but no differences in heart rate, pulse oximetry derived arterial oxygen saturation or breathing frequency throughout exercise with FMs compared to control. FM significantly reduced peak work rate and exercise duration (both P = 0.02).
CONCLUSIONS:
FMs negatively impact the affective domain of dyspnea and increase neural respiratory drive and respiratory muscle effort during exercise, although the impact on other cardiorespiratory responses are minimal.
Copyright © 2022 by the American College of Sports Medicine.
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Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in Adults Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Systematic Review.
ASAIO J2022 Dec;68(12):1523-1528. doi: 10.1097/MAT.0000000000001694.
Iannattone Patrick A, Yang Stephen Su, Koolian Maral, Wong Evan G, Lipes Jed,
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has become an increasingly used tool for cardiorespiratory support. Thrombosis is a well-recognized complication of ECMO, yet the burden of disease remains unclear. We undertook a systematic review to investigate the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) during ECMO or soon after decannulation, in patients screened for VTE. We retrieved all studies that evaluated VTE incidence in ECMO patients in EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception to April 2, 2021. Studies reporting incidence of VTE diagnosed on systematic screening tests during ECMO or within 7 days of decannulation in adult patients were included. A total of 18 studies were included in the systematic review. These studies screened a total of 1095 ECMO patients. Most studies screened for cannula-associated deep vein thrombosis (CaDVT) after decannulation. The overall incidence of DVT was 52.8% (95% CI, 49.8-55.8%). Incidence of DVT was 53.5% (95% CI, 50.0-57.0%) for venovenous ECMO vs. 34.0% (95% CI, 26.5-42.2%) for venoarterial ECMO. No studies screened for pulmonary embolism. Our systematic review found a very high incidence of DVT among patients treated with ECMO. Routine screening for DVT after decannulation for all ECMO patients may be warranted.
Copyright © ASAIO 2022.
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Cardiovascular telerehabilitation improves functional capacity, cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
J Telemed Telecare2022 Dec;():1357633X221137626. doi: 10.1177/1357633X221137626.
Nacarato Diego, Sardeli Amanda V, Mariano Lilian O, Chacon-Mikahil Mara Patrícia T,
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
The aim was to identify whether cardiovascular telerehabilitation programs (CV-T-REHAB) can improve functional capacity, cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life (QoL) to the same extent of presential rehabilitation (CV-P-REHAB) in older adults, by meta-analysis of previous studies.
METHODS:
Literature search was conducted in October 2020 in four databases to select controlled trials of CV-T-REHAB effects on functional capacity (six-minute walk test [6MWT]), cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption [O]), and QoL in older adults (> 50 years) and included new articles in April 2022.
RESULTS:
CV-T-REHAB improved 6MWT (11.14?m [CI95%?=?8.03; 14.26], ?0.001), O (1.18?ml/kg/min [CI95%?=?0.70; 1.66], ?0.001), and QoL (standardized mean difference [SMD]?=?0.36 [CI95%?=?0.05; 0.67], ?=?0.02). CV-T-REHAB increased O to a greater extent than CV-P-REHAB (1.08?ml/kg/min [0.39; 1.76], ?=?0.002). Although the 6MWT and O analyses proved consistent and homogeneous, the QoL analysis showed considerable inconsistency (?=?92.90%), suggesting the need for studies exploring the effect of CV-T-REHAB on QoL in this population. Part of the heterogeneity was explained by age differences, as CV-T-REHAB improved QoL in adults >65 years, but not in adults
CONCLUSION:
CV-T-REHAB improved cardiorespiratory fitness to a level equal to or higher than CV-P-REHAB and improved functional capacity and QoL; being mainly effective for QoL in older adults >65 years. Thus, CV-T-REHAB can be a good alternative, when not the best option and might be considered especially for individuals with limited access to participate in face-to-face programs.
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[Adipokines and the cardiorespiratory system in young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus].
Ter Arkh2022 Nov;94(10):1143-1148. doi: 10.26442/00403660.2022.10.201889.
Vengrzhinovskaya O I, Bondarenko I Z, Shatskaya O A, Nikankina L V, Kalashnikov V Y, Shestakova M V, Mokrysheva N G,
Abstract
UNLABELLED:
Early screening of complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the priorities for public health. Most patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are patients of working age. New strategies for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are needed to prevent their early disability.
AIM:
To assess the predictive value of adipokines in relation to a personalized approach to the need for an in-depth examination of young patients with T1DM.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The study included 98 patients without CVD: 70 patients with T1DM (mean age 26.4±8.1 years) and 28 patients without DM (mean age 27±9 years). All patients underwent a general clinical examination, the levels of adipokines were determined, ergospirometry, echocardiography, and bioimpedancemetry were performed.
RESULTS:
Changes in the cardiorespiratory system in patients with T1DM were revealed, in comparison with persons without T1DM: anaerobic threshold was reached faster (=0.001), maximum oxygen consumption was lower (=0.048), metabolic equivalent was reduced (=0.0001). Signs of myocardial remodeling were found in the T1DM group: there was an increase in the relative wall thickness (=0.001), the posterior wall of the left ventricle (=0.001), myocardial mass index (=0.049), in comparison with persons without T1DM. Changes in the adipokines system were revealed: higher levels of resistin (=0.002) and visfatin (=0.001), lower level of adiponectin (=0.040) in T1DM. A positive correlation was found between posterior wall of the left ventricle and visfatin (=0.014) and a negative relationship between adiponectin and relative wall thickness (=0.018) in T1DM.
CONCLUSION:
In T1DM, even at a young age, there are multifactorial changes in the heart, which can be detected even at the preclinical stage. The data obtained can be used to identify groups of patients at high risk of developing dangerous CVD in T1DM, which can form the basis for determining the timing of the start of preventive therapy.
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Effects of Intramuscular Alfaxalone and Midazolam Compared With Midazolam and Butorphanol in Rhode Island Red Hens ().
J Avian Med Surg2022 Nov;36(3):287-294. doi: 10.1647/20-00087.
Knutson Kyra A, Petritz Olivia A, Thomson Andrea, Robertson James, Balko Julie A,
Abstract
Chickens () often undergo veterinary procedures requiring sedation; however, there is little published research evaluating the efficacy of sedation protocols in this species. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of intramuscular alfaxalone and midazolam compared with intramuscular butorphanol and midazolam in chickens. In a complete crossover study, 11 healthy adult hens were randomly administered midazolam 2.5 mg/kg IM combined with either alfaxalone 15 mg/kg IM (AM, n = 11) or butorphanol 3 mg/kg IM (BM, n = 11), with a 35-day washout period between groups. Time to first effects, recumbency, standing, and recovery were recorded. Physiologic parameters and sedation scores were recorded every 5 minutes by 2 blinded investigators. Fifteen minutes after injection, positioning for sham whole body radiographs was attempted. At 30 minutes, flumazenil 0.05 mg/kg IM was administered to all hens. Peak total sedation score was significantly higher for AM compared with BM (
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Contribution of hemoglobin concentration to cardiorespiratory fitness in black African American patients with recently decompensated heart failure and reduced ejection fraction.
Minerva Cardiol Angiol2022 Dec;():. doi: 10.23736/S2724-5683.22.06226-3.
Thomas Georgia K, Del Buono Marco G, Damonte Juan I, Moroni Francesco, Mihalick Virginia, Billingsley Hayley E, Vecchiè Alessandra, Trankle Cory R, Talasaz Azita, Carbone Salvatore, Markley Roshanak, Turlington Jeremy, Duncan Philip, Lu Juan, Arena Ross, VAN Tassell Benjamin, Abbate Antonio, Canada Justin M,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Previous studies have shown that patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and anemia have reduced peak oxygen consumption (VO2 ). Black or African American (B-AA) patients have a higher prevalence of anemia and are underrepresented in clinical studies of HFrEF. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of hemoglobin to peak VO2 in B-AA patients recently hospitalized for acute decompensated HFrEF.
METHODS:
We analyzed cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) data measured within two weeks of discharge for acute decompensated HF in B-AA patients with HFrEF (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] ?40%) without severe anemia (Hb
RESULTS:
We included 81 patients; 27 (33%) women, 57 [27-79] years of age, Body Mass Index of 33 [15-55] kg/m and LVEF of 30 [23-36] %. Hemoglobin ranged between 9.1 to 18.1 g/dL (median= 13.3 [11.9-14.5] g/dL); 26 (32%) were considered to have anemia based on a Hb concentration of males 2 was lower in patients with anemia (11.8 [10.0-14.2] vs. 14.1 [10.6-17.0] mL·kg·min; P=0.010) with a significant correlation between peak VO2 and hemoglobin concentration (R=+0.455; P
CONCLUSIONS:
Anemia is prevalent among B-AA patients with recently decompensated HFrEF and appears to be a significant contributor to reductions in peak VO2 .
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Successful treatment with omalizumab for cold urticaria in a patient with chronic hepatitis C virus infection.
Eur J Dermatol2022 Sep;32(5):640-641. doi: 10.1684/ejd.2022.4324.
Tiotiu Angelica, Jaussaud Roland,
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Effect of Dexmedetomidine Low Doses with or without Midazolam in Cats: Clinical, Hemodynamic, Blood Gas Analysis, and Echocardiographic Effects.
Anesthesiol Res Pract2022 ;2022():9613721. doi: 9613721.
Castro Marina Lopes, Cerqueira Câmara Bruna Maia, Oliveira Barreto Maira Souza, Wenceslau Raphael Rocha, Karollini E Silva Andressa, Fagundes Natália, Silva Renata Andrade, Mariani Pimenta Eutálio Luiz, Beier Suzane Lilian,
Abstract
OBJECTIVES:
The aim of the study is to compare the sedative, cardiorespiratory, echocardiographic, and blood gas effects of dexmedetomidine and methadone associated or not with midazolam for restraint chemistry in cats.
METHODS:
Eighteen healthy young cats (4.06?±?0.48?kg) were randomly sedated with two protocols, through the intramuscular route: dexmedetomidine (5?g.kg), methadone (0.3?mg. kg) and midazolam (0.3?mg. kg) (DMTM, ?=?9), or dexmedetomidine (7.5?g.kg) and methadone (0.3?mg. kg) (DMT, ?=?9). The cardiorespiratory parameters were measured at baseline, 5 and 10 minutes after pharmacological latency. The sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxation scores were assessed before and 5 minutes after pharmacological latency, while arterial blood gas analysis and echocardiography were assessed before and after 10 or 15 minutes, respectively.
RESULTS:
There was no difference between the protocols regarding the cardiorespiratory, blood gas, and echocardiographic parameters used. The scores for sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxation also did not differ between the protocols, with the degree of sedation, analgesia, and myorelaxation considered satisfactory in both groups. A significant decrease in heart rate (HR) was observed after administration of the sedative protocols, reaching a maximum reduction at T10 (46% and 53% reduction in the DMT and DMTM groups, respectively). The reduction in HR had an impact on echocardiographic parameters such as CO, which decreased 53% and 56% in the DMT and DMTM groups, respectively. There was a significant reduction in PaO, SaO, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening in both protocols. SpO decreased significantly after 5 minutes of sedation in the DMT group, but with a minimum mean SpO of 92% in T5. The respiratory rate decreased significantly at 5 and 10 minutes in the DMTM group, while PaCO increased in both groups, indicating respiratory depression caused by the drugs. . The study pointed out that both sedative protocols can be recommended for clinical sedation of young and healthy cats in the doses used. However, both protocols resulted in cardiorespiratory depression in cats and also the particularities of the animals should be evaluated regarding reducing cardiac output by more than 50%.
Copyright © 2022 Marina Lopes Castro et al.
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Heart rate recovery as an assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness in young adults.
J Clin Exerc Physiol2022 Jun;11(2):44-53. doi: 10.31189/2165-6193-11.2.44.
Thomas J Matthew, Black W Scott, Kern Philip A, Pendergast Julie S, Clasey Jody L,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Cardiorespiratory fitness, typically measured as peak oxygen uptake (VO) during maximal graded exercise testing (GXT), is a predictor of morbidity, mortality, and cardiovascular disease. However, measuring VO is costly and inconvenient and thus not widely used in clinical settings. Alternatively, postexercise heart rate recovery (HRRec), which is an index of vagal reactivation, is a valuable assessment of VO in older adults and athletes. However, the validity of HRRec as a clinical indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness in young, sedentary adults, who are a rapidly growing population at risk for developing obesity and cardiovascular disease, has not been fully elucidated.
METHODS:
We investigated the association between cardiorespiratory fitness, measured by VO (mL·kg·min), and HRRec measures after a GXT in 61 young (25.2 ± 6.1 years), sedentary adults (40 females) using 3 methods. We examined the relationship between VO and absolute (b·min) and relative (%) HRRec measures at 1, 2, and 3 min post GXT, as well as a measure of the slow component HRRec (HRRec 1 min minus HRR 2 min), using Pearson's correlation analysis.
RESULTS:
VO (36.5 ± 7.9 mL·kg·min) was not significantly correlated with absolute HRRec at 1 min ( = 0.18), 2 min ( = 0.04) or 3 min ( = 0.01). We also found no significant correlations between VO and relative HRRec at 1 min ( = 0.09), 2 min ( = -0.06) or 3 min ( = -0.10). Lastly, we found no correlation between the measure of the slow component HRRec and VO ( = -0.14).
CONCLUSIONS:
Our results indicate that HRRec measures are not a valid indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness in young, sedentary adults.
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Can physical exercise assist in controlling and reducing the severity of exercise-induced bronchospasm in children and adolescents? A systematic review.
Clin Respir J2022 Dec;():. doi: 10.1111/crj.13559.
Souza Silva Bruno Rafael Vieira, da Silva Gerlayne Alessandra Soares, de Albuquerque Rodrigues Filho Edil, Peixoto Décio Medeiros, de Almeida Santos Camila Matias, Quirino Polyanna Guerra Chaves, Rizzo José Ângelo, de Valois Correia Junior Marco Aurélio,
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this study was to analyze whether physical exercise can contribute to improving the control and severity of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) in children and adolescents.
METHOD:
This is a systematic review that used PubMed/Medline and Scopus databases as a search source, and using descriptors indexed to DeCS/Mesh. The articles were analyzed in three stages in the selection process. Methodological quality was assessed using the TESTEX scale.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION:
A total of 5867 articles were filtered in the initial search; however, only eight of these were included after the eligibility criteria. All presented improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness. Only two followed the international EIB diagnostic guidelines. Of these, only one described a reduction in FEV1 and considered that this improvement may influence the EIB response in children and adolescent athletes with a non-asthmatic sample.
CONCLUSION:
The studies analyzed in this review did not enable drawing a conclusion regarding the influence of physical exercise on EIB in asthmatics. The lack of clinical trials on EIB and physical exercise, as well as the difficulty in methodological standardization for EIB diagnosis evidence the lack of scientific knowledge in this area, serving as a stimulus for researchers to find more consolidated answers.
© 2022 The Authors. The Clinical Respiratory Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Nasal dilator and physiological parameters associated to running performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
J Sports Sci2022 Dec;():1-12. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2151752.
Karla Silva Pereira Gomes Suellen, Malaguti Carla, Elias Filho José, Oliveira Caetano Raphael, Vieira da Silva Christiano, Medina Dutra de Oliveira Túlio, Hespanhol Luiz, Felício Diogo Carvalho,
Abstract
Nasal dilators were created to expand the nasal valve area. The aim of this systematic review was to verify physiological parameters associated to running performance with the use of nasal dilators. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021225795). According to the PICOS framework studies were included: Population: healthy subjects; Intervention: nasal dilators; Comparison: control group, placebo, minimal intervention, health education or other intervention; Outcomes: cardiorespiratory parameters and subjective perceptions; Study: randomized controlled trials, repeated measures or within-subjects design. The databases searched were MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, PEDro and Scopus. The descriptors "Running", "Nasal Dilator", "Randomized Controlled Trial", and synonyms were used. The risk of bias was assessed using the PEDro scale. Random effects Der Simonian and Laird model were used. The assessment of the certainty of the evidence was carried out using the GRADE approach. Eleven articles were included. There was a difference in favour of the nasal dilator when compared to placebo for maximal oxygen uptake and rating of perceived exertion. The certainty of the evidence was very low. Future studies will probably have an impact on estimation of the effect.
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The benefits of physical activity in middle-aged individuals for cardiovascular disease outcomes.
Maturitas2022 Nov;168():49-52. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.11.002.
Shakoor Hira, Platat Carine, Ali Habiba I, Ismail Leila Cheikh, Al Dhaheri Ayesha Salem, Bosevski Marijan, Apostolopoulos Vasso, Stojanovska Lily,
Abstract
Regular physical activity (PA) has a positive role in preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Due to a trend toward a more sedentary lifestyle, the middle-aged population (35-65 years) is at greater risk of developing CVD. It is well established that PA improves cardiorespiratory fitness and reduces the risk of cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular events, including stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and blood pressure. PA can potentially decrease oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, which are the two main underlying mechanisms leading to CVD. By reducing CRP, TNF-?, INF-?, NF-?B and increasing IL-10, IL-4, and IL-8, PA can prevent the initiation and progression of CVD in middle-aged adults, highlighting the importance of being physically active for this age group. The general recommendation for PA to prevent CVD is at least 150 min/week at a moderate level of intensity; the type of PA should be adapted to the fitness level and medical condition of the individual. However, standardized guidelines for middle-aged individuals with cardiovascular events still need to be established.
Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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Mitochondrial energetics in skeletal muscle are associated with leg power and cardiorespiratory fitness in the Study of Muscle, Mobility, and Aging (SOMMA).
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci2022 Dec;():. doi: glac238.
Mau Theresa, Lui Li-Yung, Distefano Giovanna, Kramer Philip A, Ramos Sofhia V, Toledo Frederico G S, Santanasto Adam J, Shankland Eric G, Marcinek David J, Jurczak Michael J, Sipula Ian, Bello Fiona M, Duchowny Kate A, Molina Anthony J A, Sparks Lauren M, Goodpaster Bret H, Hepple Russell T, Kritchevsky Stephen B, Newman Anne B, Cawthon Peggy M, Cummings Steven R, Coen Paul M,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Mitochondrial energetics are an important property of aging muscle, as generation of energy is pivotal to the execution of muscle contraction. However, its association with functional outcomes, including leg power and cardiorespiratory fitness is largely understudied.
METHODS:
In the Study of Muscle, Mobility, and Aging (SOMMA), we collected vastus lateralis biopsies from older adults (n=879,70-94 years,59.2% women). Maximal state 3 respiration (Max OXPHOS) was assessed in permeabilized fiber bundles by high-resolution respirometry. Capacity for maximal adenosine triphosphate production (ATPmax) was measured in vivo by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Leg extension power was measured with a Keiser press system, and VO2 peak was determined using a standardized cardiopulmonary exercise test. Gender-stratified multivariate linear regression models were adjusted for age, race, technician/site, adiposity, and physical activity with beta-coefficients expressed per 1 SD increment in the independent variable.
RESULTS:
Max OXPHOS was associated with leg power for both women (?=0.12Watts/kg,p
CONCLUSIONS:
Higher muscle mitochondrial energetics measures were associated with both better cardiorespiratory fitness and greater leg power in older adults. Muscle mitochondrial energetics explained a greater degree of variance in VO2 peak compared to leg power.
© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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Saxagliptin: A potential doping agent? A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, and crossover pilot study in young active men.
Physiol Rep2022 Dec;10(23):e15515. doi: 10.14814/phy2.15515.
Bourdillon Nicolas, Eugster Philippe J, Vocat Céline, Nguyen Toan, Wuerzner Gregoire, Grouzmann Eric, Millet Grégoire P,
Abstract
Neuropeptide Ys (NPYs) contribute to sympathetic-adreno stimulation: NPY1-36 potentiates the effects of catecholamines (CATs), whereas NPY3-36 inhibits CAT release. We sought to investigate whether inhibiting dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP4), cleaving NPY1-36 into NPY3-36, leads to increased NPY1-36 potentiating effects and reduced NPY3-36 inhibitory effects on CATs, thereby improving endurance performance. Seven male participants (age 27?±?3?years, BMI 23.1?±?2.4 kg/m ) performed time-to-exhaustion cycling exercise at 95% of peak power output with either placebo, or saxagliptin, a DPP4 inhibitor. Oxygen consumption (V?O ), heart rate variability, NPY1-36, NPY3-36, catecholamines, and lactate were measured at several time points before, during, and after exercise. With saxagliptin, DPP4 activity (12.7?±?1.6 vs. 0.2?±?0.3 U/L, p = 0.001; d = 10.7) was decreased at rest, while NPY3-36 (1.94?±?0.88 vs. 0.73?±?0.22 pm; p?0.001; d = 2.04) decreased and NPY1-36 increased during exercise (2.64?±?2.22 vs. 4.59?±?2.98 pm; p?0.01; d = 0.19). CATs were unchanged. Time-to-exhaustion was 32% higher with saxagliptin. The difference in time-to-exhaustion between placebo and saxagliptin was correlated with NPY1-36 differences (R = 0.78, p?0.05). Peak V?O and other cardio-respiratory values were not different, whereas peak NPY concentrations were higher with saxagliptin. DPP4 blockade improved performance, increased NPY1-36, and decreased NPY3-36 concentrations which may have potentiating effects on the influences of CATs. However, DPP4 is involved in many different actions, thus NPYs are one group of factors that may underly its performance-enhancing effects; further studies are required to determine the exact mechanisms.
© 2022 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society.
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Body mass index versus surrogate measures of central adiposity as independent predictors of mortality in type 2 diabetes.
Cardiovasc Diabetol2022 Dec;21(1):266. doi: 10.1186/s12933-022-01706-2.
Orsi Emanuela, Solini Anna, Penno Giuseppe, Bonora Enzo, Fondelli Cecilia, Trevisan Roberto, Vedovato Monica, Cavalot Franco, Lamacchia Olga, Haxhi Jonida, Nicolucci Antonio, Pugliese Giuseppe, ,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
An "obesity paradox" for mortality has been shown in chronic disorders such as diabetes, and attributed to methodological bias, including the use of body mass index (BMI) for obesity definition. This analysis investigated the independent association of BMI versus surrogate measures of central adiposity with all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
METHODS:
The Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events Italian Multicentre Study is a prospective cohort study that enrolled 15,773 patients in 19 Italian centres in 2006-2008. Exposures were BMI and the surrogate measures of central adiposity waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and A Body Shape Index (ABSI). Vital status was retrieved on 31 October 2015 for 15,656 patients (99.3%), RESULTS: Age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were significantly higher in BMI-based underweight (1.729 [1.193-2.505), P?=?0.004), moderately obese (1.214 [1.058-1.392), P?=?0.006) and severely obese (1.703 [1.402-2.068), P?0.0001), lower in overweight (0.842 [0.775-0.915), P?0.0001) and similar in mildly obese (0.950 [0.864-1.045), P?=?0.292), compared to normal-weight individuals. When further adjusting for smoking, physical activity (PA), and comorbidities, risk was lower also in mildly obese versus normal-weight patients. The BMI-mortality relationship did not change after sequentially excluding ever smokers, individuals with comorbidities, and those died within two years from enrollment and when analyzing separately participants below and above the median age. Conversely, a paradox relationship was observed among inactive/moderately inactive, but not moderately/highly active patients. Mortality risk adjusted for age, gender, smoking, PA and comorbidities was significantly higher in the highest tertile of WC (1.279 [1.089-1.501], P?=?0.003), WHtR (1.372 [1.165-1.615], P?0.0001), and ABSI (1.263 [1.067-1.495], P?=?0.007) versus the lowest tertile. However, risk was lower in the intermediate versus lowest tertile for WC (0.823 [0.693-0.979], P?=?0.028), similar for WHtR, and higher, though not significantly, for ABSI.
CONCLUSIONS:
An "overweight paradox" remained after controlling for age, smoking, and comorbidities, arguing against a collider bias or reverse causation. However, it could be partly explained by confounding from PA level, possibly through its impact on lean mass and cardiorespiratory fitness. No obesity paradox was observed with WHtR and especially ABSI, which predicted mortality risk associated with central adiposity better than WC. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00715481, 15 July, 2008.
© 2022. The Author(s).
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Longitudinal cardio-respiratory fitness prediction through wearables in free-living environments.
NPJ Digit Med2022 Dec;5(1):176. doi: 10.1038/s41746-022-00719-1.
Spathis Dimitris, Perez-Pozuelo Ignacio, Gonzales Tomas I, Wu Yu, Brage Soren, Wareham Nicholas, Mascolo Cecilia,
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness is an established predictor of metabolic disease and mortality. Fitness is directly measured as maximal oxygen consumption (VOmax), or indirectly assessed using heart rate responses to standard exercise tests. However, such testing is costly and burdensome because it requires specialized equipment such as treadmills and oxygen masks, limiting its utility. Modern wearables capture dynamic real-world data which could improve fitness prediction. In this work, we design algorithms and models that convert raw wearable sensor data into cardiorespiratory fitness estimates. We validate these estimates' ability to capture fitness profiles in free-living conditions using the Fenland Study (N=11,059), along with its longitudinal cohort (N?=?2675), and a third external cohort using the UK Biobank Validation Study (N?=?181) who underwent maximal VOmax testing, the gold standard measurement of fitness. Our results show that the combination of wearables and other biomarkers as inputs to neural networks yields a strong correlation to ground truth in a holdout sample (r?=?0.82, 95CI 0.80-0.83), outperforming other approaches and models and detects fitness change over time (e.g., after 7 years). We also show how the model's latent space can be used for fitness-aware patient subtyping paving the way to scalable interventions and personalized trial recruitment. These results demonstrate the value of wearables for fitness estimation that today can be measured only with laboratory tests.
© 2022. The Author(s).
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