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Pubblicazioni recenti - cardiorespiratory
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Kidney function and cognitive impairment among older hospitalized patients: a comparison of four glomerular filtration rate equations.
Aging Clin Exp Res2019 Nov;():. doi: 10.1007/s40520-019-01405-1.
Pierpaoli Elisa, Fabi Katia, Lenci Federica Francesca, Ricci Maddalena, Di Rosa Mirko, Onder Graziano, Volpato Stefano, Ruggiero Carmelinda, Cherubini Antonio, Corsonello Andrea, Lattanzio Fabrizia,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The relationship between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and cognitive impairment may change as a function of the equation used. We aimed at investigating the association between four different eGFR equations and cognitive impairment among older hospitalized patients.
METHODS:
Our series consisted of 795 older patients consecutively admitted to 7 geriatric and internal medicine acute care wards. The eGFR was calculated by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiologic Collaboration (CKD-EPI), Cockcroft-Gault (CG), Berlin Initiative Study (BIS) and Full Age Spectrum (FAS) equations. Study outcomes were total Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)?
RESULTS:
After adjusting for potential confounders, eGFR?
CONCLUSIONS:
Constructional apraxia may characterize the cognitive profile of older patients with severe CKD. The accuracy in identifying patients with constructional apraxia is only fair, and studies including other biomarkers of kidney function are needed.
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Combined Aerobic and Resistance Training for Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Muscle Strength, and Walking Capacity after Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis2019 Nov;():104498. doi: S1052-3057(19)30582-8.
Lee Junghoon, Stone Audrey J,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Cardiorespiratory fitness, measured as peak oxygen consumption, is a potent predictor of stroke risk. Muscle weakness is the most prominent impairment after stroke and is directly associated with reduced walking capacity. There is a lack of recommendations for optimal combined aerobic training and resistance training for those patients. The purpose of this study was to systematically review and quantify the effects of exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and walking capacity after stroke.
METHODS:
Five electronic databases were searched (until May 2019) for studies that met the following criteria: (1) adult humans with a history of stroke who ambulate independently; (2) structured exercise intervention based on combined aerobic training and resistance training; and (3) measured cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and/or walking capacity.
RESULTS:
Eighteen studies (602 participants, average age 62 years) met the inclusion criteria. Exercise training significantly improved all 3 outcomes. In subgroup analyses for cardiorespiratory fitness, longer training duration was significantly associated with larger effect size. Likewise, for muscle strength, moderate weekly frequency and lower training volume were significantly associated with larger effect size. Furthermore, in walking capacity, moderate weekly frequency and longer training duration were significantly associated with larger effect size.
CONCLUSIONS:
These results suggest that an exercise program consisting of moderate-intensity, 3 days per week, for 20 weeks should be considered for greater effect on cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and walking capacity in stroke patients.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Lung function, obesity and physical fitness in young children: The EXAMIN YOUTH study.
Respir Med2019 Nov;159():105813. doi: S0954-6111(19)30327-0.
Köchli Sabrina, Endes Katharina, Bartenstein Tim, Usemann Jakob, Schmidt-Trucksäss Arno, Frey Urs, Zahner Lukas, Hanssen Henner,
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
The prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity in children are increasing globally. The study aimed to investigate the association of obesity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with patterns of lung function in young children.
METHODS:
In this cross-sectional study, lung function, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP) and CRF (shuttle run stages) were measured in an unselected cohort of 1246 children aged 7.2?±?0.4 years. All parameters and lung function, such as the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1?s (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC), were assessed by standardized procedures for children. Statistical models were applied for systematic adjustment of potential confounders.
RESULTS:
Obese children had significantly higher FEV1 (Coef. (95% CI) (1.57 (1.50; 1.64) L) and FVC (1.75 (1.67; 1.83) L) compared to normal weight children (1.38 (1.37; 1.40) L; (1.53 (1.51; 1.54) L, respectively). However, with each unit increase of BMI, FEV1/FVC decreased (-0.003 (-0.005; -0.001)) due to a disproportional increase in FVC compared to FEV1. Per stage increase of CRF, FEV1 (0.017 (0.008; 0.025) L) and FVC increased (0.022 (0.012; 0.031) L)). In obese children, higher CRF was independently associated with higher FEV1/FVC (0.03 (0.5E-4; 0.06)) due to a higher increase of FEV1 over FVC with increasing fitness.
CONCLUSIONS:
The decrease of FEV1/FVC with increasing BMI suggests that childhood obesity is associated with an imbalance of ventilation and airway flow. In children with obesity, higher CRF is associated with an improved FEV1/FVC ratio. Physical exercise programs may have the potential to improve patterns of lung function in children with obesity.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Area-level Socioeconomic Environment and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Youth.
Med Sci Sports Exerc2019 Dec;51(12):2474-2481. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002066.
Clennin Morgan N, Dowda Marsha, Sui Xuemei, Pate Russell R,
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
Cardiorespiratory fitness is one of the most important markers of cardiometabolic health and is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality across the lifespan. However, little is known regarding the relationship of area-level socioeconomic environment on cardiorespiratory fitness during childhood and adolescence.
PURPOSE:
To examine the relationship between area-level socioeconomic environment and cardiorespiratory fitness in a diverse sample of school-age youth; and to determine the extent to which grade level, sex, race/ethnicity, and student poverty status moderate this relationship.
METHODS:
South Carolina FitnessGram data for school year 2015 to 2016 were obtained for 44,078 youth. Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined using Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run or 1-mile run/walk test. Area-level socioeconomic environment was expressed as a composite index score at the census tract level using data from the American Community Survey. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted, controlling for individual-level characteristics and nesting within schools and districts. Interaction terms were then introduced to the model to examine their effect of multiple sociodemographic moderators.
RESULTS:
Approximately half of the sample had inadequate cardiorespiratory fitness for health. The odds of achieving the Healthy Fitness Zone for cardiorespiratory fitness decreased by approximately 25% to 34% with increasing deprivation of the area-level socioeconomic environment, after controlling for covariates. The association between area-level socioeconomic environment and cardiorespiratory fitness also varied significantly by sex, grade level, and race/ethnicity subgroups.
CONCLUSIONS:
Cardiorespiratory fitness was positively associated with area-level socioeconomic environment; however, the relationship varied by demographic characteristics. These results highlight the importance of examining the influence of area-level socioeconomic environment on health across the life span. Additional research is needed to explore how area-level socioeconomic environment may impact evidence-based efforts to improve youth cardiorespiratory fitness levels.
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The effects of cardiorespiratory fitness on executive function and prefrontal oxygenation in older adults.
Geroscience2019 Nov;():. doi: 10.1007/s11357-019-00128-5.
Mekari Said, Dupuy Olivier, Martins Ricardo, Evans Kailey, Kimmerly Derek S, Fraser Sarah, Neyedli Heather F,
Abstract
Reviews on cardiovascular fitness and cognition in older adults suggest that a higher level of cardiorespiratory fitness may protect the brain against the effects of aging. Although studies reveal positive effects of cardiorespiratory fitness on executive function, more research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of these effects in older adults. The aim of the current study was to assess the association between cardiorespiratory fitness level, cerebral oxygenation, and cognitive performance in older adults (OAs). Seventy-four OAs (68 ± 6.3 years) gave their written, informed consent to participate in the study. Complete data was collected from 66 participants. All participants underwent a cycle ergometer maximal continuous graded exercise test in order to assess their peak power output (PPO) and a neuropsychological paper and pencil tests (Trail Making Test A and B) while changes in left prefrontal cortex oxygenation were measured with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The results reveal increased cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with decreased response time (i.e., better performance) on the Trail Making Test (B) (standardized ? = - 0.42, p < 0.05). Cerebral oxygenation in higher fit older adults mediated the relationship with improved executive functioning (standardized ? = - 0.08, p < 0.05). Specifically, in older adults with higher cardiorespiratory fitness (based on a median split), cerebral oxygenation was related to executive functioning but no such relationship existed in lower fit adults.
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Extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation in paediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: overrated or underutilized?
Ann Transl Med2019 Oct;7(19):512. doi: 10.21037/atm.2019.09.27.
Erickson Simon,
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a modified form of cardiopulmonary bypass which may provide support for severe cardiorespiratory failure including paediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS). While ECMO was initially demonstrated to successfully support neonates with severe respiratory failure, the use of ECMO has expanded rapidly to support both paediatric and adult respiratory failure. Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) registry data shows that the use of ECMO for paediatric respiratory failure has expanded rapidly over the past decades with increasing use of venovenous ECMO. Despite the increasing complexity of children supported by ECMO for ARDS, outcomes have remained consistent with survival to hospital discharge greater than 50%. ECMO complications are still common and potentially devastating, especially neurological complications. There is grade 1 evidence to support the use of ECMO in both neonatal and adult respiratory failure but evidence in paediatric respiratory failure is confined to case series and case-control studies. While there are no published guidelines for use of ECMO in PARDS, in particular no clearly defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, current evidence suggests that children with severe ARDS may benefit from ECMO support, with survival to hospital discharge equivalent or better than conventional management in children with severe ARDS.
2019 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.
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Physical Fitness and Anthropometric Values Among Lithuanian Primary School Children: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.
J Strength Cond Res2019 Nov;():. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003387.
Emeljanovas Arunas, Mieziene Brigita, Cesnaitiene Vida Janina, Fjortoft Ingunn, Kjønniksen Lise,
Abstract
Emeljanovas, A, Mieziene, B, Cesnaitiene, VJ, Fjortoft, I, and Kjønniksen, L. Physical fitness and anthropometric values among Lithuanian primary school children: population-based cross-sectional study. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-The purpose of the current study was to derive representative reference scores on anthropometric measures and test scores for the musculoskeletal, motor, and cardiorespiratory fitness of Lithuanian primary school children according to age and sex. This cross-sectional design study included 3,456 Lithuanian first- to fourth-grade children from age 6 to 10 years. Physical fitness was measured using a nine-item test battery developed by Fjørtoft et al. The test battery included the following tests: standing broad jump (explosive strength), jumping a distance of 7 m on 2 feet, jumping a distance of 7 m on 1 foot (both tests indicate leg muscle strength), throwing a tennis ball with one hand, and pushing a medicine ball with 2 hands (both tests indicate arm muscle strength). These tests measured musculoskeletal fitness. In addition, there were measures of a 10 × 5-m shuttle run (agility), running 20 m as fast as possible (speed), and climbing wall bars (coordination)-general tests of motor fitness. Reduced 6-minute Cooper test (endurance) measured cardiorespiratory fitness. A Student's t test and analysis of variance were performed to indicate differences between sexes and across age, respectively. The significant differences in mean scores in anthropometric and fitness means indicated that boys had higher scores than girls, and older children scored higher than younger children (p < 0.05). Data on normative sex- and age-specific percentile values (3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 97th) for physical fitness tests in Lithuanian primary school children are provided. These data are useful for educational settings, parents, clinicians, sports organizations, and sports clubs in identifying problems or outstanding performance and providing sports programs that develop children's athletic performance.
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Prevalence and correlates of physical activity across kidney disease stages: an observational multicentre study.
Nephrol Dial Transplant2019 Nov;():. doi: gfz235.
Wilkinson Thomas J, Clarke Amy L, Nixon Daniel G D, Hull Katherine L, Song Yan, Burton James O, Yates Thomas, Smith Alice C,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) report high levels of physical inactivity, a major modifiable risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Understanding the biological, psychosocial and demographic causes of physical activity behaviour is essential for the development and improvement of potential health interventions and promotional initiatives. This study investigated the prevalence of physical inactivity and determined individual correlates of this behaviour in a large sample of patients across the spectrum of kidney disease.
METHODS:
A total of 5656 people across all stages of CKD (1-2, 3, 4-5, haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplant recipients) were recruited from 17 sites in England from July 2012 to October 2018. Physical activity was evaluated using the General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire. Self-reported cardiorespiratory fitness, self-efficacy and stage of change were also assessed. Binominal generalized linear mutually adjusted models were conducted to explore the associations between physical activity and correlate variables. This cross-sectional observational multi-centre study was registered retrospectively as ISRCTN87066351 (October 2015).
RESULTS:
The prevalence of physical activity (6-34%) was low and worsened with disease progression. Being older, female and having a greater number of comorbidities were associated with greater odds of being physically inactive. Higher haemoglobin, cardiorespiratory fitness and self-efficacy levels were associated with increased odds of being active. Neither ethnicity nor smoking history had any effect on physical activity.
CONCLUSIONS:
Levels of physical inactivity are high across all stages of CKD. The identification of stage-specific correlates of physical activity may help to prioritize factors in target groups of kidney patients and improve the development and improvement of public health interventions.
© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA. All rights reserved.
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Comparison of performance-related physical fitness and anaerobic power between Korean wheelchair badminton national and backup players.
J Exerc Rehabil2019 Oct;15(5):663-666. doi: 10.12965/jer.1938448.224.
Kim Ji-Tae, Shin Yun-A, Lee Keun-Ho, Rhyu Hyun-Seung,
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare performance-related physical fitness factors and anaerobic power between national and backup players to enhance the performance of wheelchair badminton players and to discover and foster new athletes. This study included 12 wheel-chair badminton players divided into two groups: national players (n=7) and backup players (n=5). Collected data included cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle endurance, muscle strength, power, agility, and anaerobic power. Results indicated that the national players achieved a significantly higher level of muscle endurance, peak power, and mean power than the backup players. Although none of the parameters showed statistically significant differences, the performance levels of the national players were higher than those of the backup players. Because the physical fitness aspects of wheelchair players vary according to their ability and are essential factors, individualized training programs for enhancing performance and preventing injuries among wheelchair badminton players should be developed.
Copyright © 2019 Korean Society of Exercise Rehabilitation.
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Baicalin prevents pulmonary arterial remodeling in vivo via the AKT/ERK/NF-?B signaling pathways.
Pulm Circ;9(4):2045894019878599. doi: 10.1177/2045894019878599.
Yan Guosen, Wang Jinxia, Yi Tao, Cheng Junfen, Guo Haixu, He Yuan, Shui Xiaorong, Wu Zeyong, Huang Shian, Lei Wei,
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rapidly progressive and often fatal disease. As the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension remains unclear, there is currently no good drug for pulmonary arterial hypertension and new therapy is desperately needed. This study investigated the effects and mechanism of baicalin on vascular remodeling in rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension. A rat pulmonary arterial hypertension model was constructed using intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline, and different doses of baicalin were used to treat these rats. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) were measured with a right heart catheter. Moreover, the hearts were dissected to determine the right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI). The lung tissues were stained with H&E and Masson's staining to estimate the pulmonary vascular remodeling and collagen fibrosis, and the expression of proteins in the AKT, ERK, and NF-?B p65 phosphorylation (p-AKT, p-ERK, p-p65) was examined by Western blot analysis. We found that compared with untreated pulmonary arterial hypertension rats, baicalin ameliorated pulmonary vascular remodeling and cardiorespiratory injury, inhibited p-p65 and p-ERK expression, and promoted p-AKT and p-eNOS expression. In conclusion, baicalin interfered with pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary arterial hypertension development in rats through the AKT/eNOS, ERK and NF-?B signaling pathways.
© The Author(s) 2019.
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2019 American Heart Association Focused Update on Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support: Use of Advanced Airways, Vasopressors, and Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation During Cardiac Arrest: An Update to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care.
Circulation2019 Nov;():CIR0000000000000732. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000732.
Panchal Ashish R, Berg Katherine M, Hirsch Karen G, Kudenchuk Peter J, Del Rios Marina, Cabañas José G, Link Mark S, Kurz Michael C, Chan Paul S, Morley Peter T, Hazinski Mary Fran, Donnino Michael W,
Abstract
The fundamentals of cardiac resuscitation include the immediate provision of high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation combined with rapid defibrillation (as appropriate). These mainstays of therapy set the groundwork for other possible interventions such as medications, advanced airways, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and post-cardiac arrest care, including targeted temperature management, cardiorespiratory support, and percutaneous coronary intervention. Since 2015, an increased number of studies have been published evaluating some of these interventions, requiring a reassessment of their use and impact on survival from cardiac arrest. This 2019 focused update to the American Heart Association advanced cardiovascular life support guidelines summarizes the most recent published evidence for and recommendations on the use of advanced airways, vasopressors, and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation during cardiac arrest. It includes revised recommendations for all 3 areas, including the choice of advanced airway devices and strategies during cardiac arrest (eg, bag-mask ventilation, supraglottic airway, or endotracheal intubation), the training and retraining required, the administration of standard-dose epinephrine, and the decisions involved in the application of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation and its potential impact on cardiac arrest survival.
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Erratum: "What is the dose-response relationship between exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness after stroke? A systematic review," Galloway et al. Phys Ther. 2019,99:821-832.
Phys Ther -
Chlorhexidine: a hidden life-threatening allergen.
Asia Pac Allergy2019 Oct;9(4):e29. doi: 10.5415/apallergy.2019.9.e29.
Fernandes Mara, Lourenço Tatiana, Lopes Anabela, Spínola Santos Amélia, Pereira Santos Maria Conceição, Pereira Barbosa Manuel,
Abstract
Chlorhexidine is a commonly used antiseptic and disinfectant in the health-care setting. Anaphylaxis to chlorhexidine is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication. Epidemiologic data suggest that the cases of chlorhexidine allergy appears to be increasing. In this article we report a life-threatening anaphylactic shock with cardiorespiratory arrest, during urethral catheterization due to chlorhexidine. The authors also performed a literature review of PubMed library of anaphylactic cases reports due to this antiseptic between 2014 and 2018, demonstrating the increase in the number of cases occurring worldwide and the importance of detailed anamnesis and appropriate diagnostic workup of allergic reactions to disinfectants.
Copyright © 2019. Asia Pacific Association of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology.
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Corrigendum: High-Load Reovirus Infections Do Not Imply Physiological Impairment in Salmon.
Front Physiol2019 ;10():1354. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01354.
Zhang Yangfan, Polinski Mark P, Morrison Phillip R, Brauner Colin J, Farrell Anthony P, Garver Kyle A,
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00114.].
Copyright © 2019 Zhang, Polinski, Morrison, Brauner, Farrell and Garver.
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Inter-Instrument Reliability and Agreement of Fitbit Charge Measurements of Heart Rate and Activity at Rest, during the Modified Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test, and in Recovery.
Physiother Can2019 ;71(3):197-206. doi: 10.3138/ptc.2018-25.
Nazari Goris, MacDermid Joy C, Sinden Kathryn E, Richardson Julie, Tang Ada,
Abstract
We determined the inter-instrument reliability and agreement parameters of the Fitbit Charge Heart Rate (Charge HR) device during three phases: rest, modified Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test (mCAFT), and recovery. We recruited 60 participants for this cross-sectional measurement study using convenience and snowball sampling approaches. The performance of the Charge HR was assessed throughout the rest, mCAFT, and recovery phases. To establish inter-instrument reliability, the Charge HR variables - heart rate, steps taken, and energy expenditures - were compared with those for two other devices: the Zephyr BioHarness (ZB) for heart rate and the Fitbit One for steps taken and energy expenditure. Measurements were recorded every 30 seconds. At rest, the inter-instrument intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) (standard error of measurement [SEM]) for the Charge HR versus the ZB was ? 0.97 (range, min-max, 1.02-1.32). During the mCAFT and in recovery, the ICCs (SEMs) for the Charge HR and the ZB were ? 0.89 (range, min-max, 1.30-3.98) and ? 0.68 (range, min-max, 3.58-8.35), respectively. During the mCAFT only, the number of steps taken and the energy expenditure recorded by the Charge HR and the Fitbit One displayed ICCs (SEMs) of 0.97 (83.00) and 0.77 (14.70), respectively. The average agreement differences in heart rate in this pair-wise device comparison indicated mean differences of -0.20, 4.00, and 1.00 beats per minute at rest, during the mCAFT, and in recovery, respectively. The Charge HR heart rate variable demonstrated excellent inter-instrument reliability compared with the ZB and provided good levels of agreement. The steps taken and energy expenditure variables displayed excellent reliability measures between Charge HR and Fitbit One. Our findings may be used to capture field-based wireless measures of heart rate in various phases and provide information about possibly using the Charge HR and ZB devices interchangeably.
© Canadian Physiotherapy Association.
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Impact on Physical Fitness of the Chinese CHAMPS: A Clustered Randomized Controlled Trial.
Int J Environ Res Public Health2019 Nov;16(22):. doi: E4412.
Zhou Zhixiong, Li Shiyu, Yin Jun, Fu Quan, Ren Hong, Jin Tao, Zhu Jiahua, Howard Jeffrey, Lan Tianwen, Yin Zenong,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
School physical activity (PA) policy, physical education curriculum, teacher training, knowledge of physical fitness, and parental support are among the key issues underlying the declining trend of physical fitness in children and adolescents. The Chinese CHAMPS was a multi-faceted intervention program to maximize the opportunities for moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and increase physical fitness in middle school students. The purpose of the study was to test whether the levels of modification in school physical education policy and curriculum incrementally influenced the changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and other physical fitness outcomes.
METHODS:
This 8-month study was a clustered randomized controlled trial using a 2 × 2 factorial design. The participants were 680 7th grade students (mean age = 12.66 years) enrolled in 12 middle schools that were randomly assigned to one of four treatment conditions: school physical education intervention (SPE), afterschool program intervention (ASP), SPE+ASP, and control. Targeted behaviors of the Chinese CHAMPS were the student's sedentary behavior and MVPA. The study outcomes were assessed by a test battery of physical fitness at the baseline and posttest. Sedentary behavior and MVPA were measured in randomly selected students using observations and accelerometry.
RESULTS:
The terms contrasting the pooled effect of SPE, ASP, and SPE+ASP vs. Control, the pooled effect of SPE and SPE+ASP vs. ASP only, and the effect of SPE+ASP vs. ASP on CRF and other physical fitness outcomes were all significant after adjusting for covariates, supporting the study hypothesis. Process evaluation demonstrated high fidelity of the intervention in the targeted students' behaviors.
CONCLUSIONS:
Chinese CHAMPS demonstrated the impact of varying the amount of MVPA and vigorous physical activity (VPA) on the physical fitness in middle school students in support of the need to increase the opportunity for PA in schools and to introduce high-intensity exercises in school-based PA programs. Modification of school policy, quality of physical education curriculum, and teacher training were important moderators of the improvement in physical fitness. (Trial registration: ChiCTR-IOR-14005388, the Childhood Health; Activity and Motor Performance Study.).
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A Comparison of Two Commercial Swim Bench Ergometers in Determining Maximal Aerobic Power and Correlation to a Paddle Test in a Recreational Surfing Cohort.
Sports (Basel)2019 Nov;7(11):. doi: E234.
Furness James, Bertacchini Linley, Hicklen Lisa, Monaghan Dane, Canetti Elisa, Climstein Mike,
Abstract
The recent addition of surfing to the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games has fueled a surge in commercial and research interest in understanding the physiological demands of the sport. However, studies specific to maximal aerobic testing of surfers are scarce. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to compare two commercially available swim bench (SWB) ergometers in the determination of maximal aerobic capacity in recreational surfers. A secondary aim was to correlate (independent of one another) the two ergometer findings of VO to the time taken to complete a water-based 400-m paddle test. This cross-sectional study consisted of 17 recreational surfers aged between 18-58 years. Participants were randomized to either the SwimFast ergometer or VASA ergometer and tested for maximal aerobic capacity, followed by a 400-m paddle test. There were no significant differences between the two SWB ergometers in the determination of relative VO (mean difference 0.33 mL/kg/min; 95% CI -1.24-1.90; = 0.66). Correlations between VO obtained from maximal paddling effort on the SwimFast and the VASA and the 400-m paddle test (total time (s)) showed a negative significant correlation = -0.819, = 0.024; = -0.818, = 0.024, respectively. Results suggest that either ergometer (SwimFast or VASA) can be used to determine peak aerobic capacity within a recreational surfing cohort. The significant correlation of the two SWB ergometers and the 400-m paddle test suggest that the 400-m paddle test may be a suitable field-based method of determining aerobic capability. Collectively, these preliminary findings provide initial evidence for similarities in VO on two commercial ergometers and their correlations with a field-based test. However, further research is needed with a larger sample size and inclusive of competitive surfers to provide robust findings which can be generalized to the surfing population.
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Effects of High Intensity Interval Training on Executive Function in Children Aged 8-12 Years.
Int J Environ Res Public Health2019 Oct;16(21):. doi: E4127.
Tottori Nobuaki, Morita Noriteru, Ueta Kenji, Fujita Satoshi,
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of a high intensity interval training (HIIT) program on both physical fitness and executive functions in children. Fifty-six children aged 8-12 years participated in this study, and were divided into a HIIT group and a control group. The HIIT group performed three sessions of the 8- to 10-min HIIT program per week for 4 weeks. Before and after the intervention, 20-m shuttle runs, sit-ups, and standing long jumps were assessed as test of physical fitness. In addition, the executive function was assessed using the digit span forward (DSF) test, digit span backward (DSB) test, and Tower of Hanoi test. Only the HIIT group experienced significant improvement when completing the 20-m shuttle run ( = 0.042) and sit-ups ( < 0.001). Regarding executive function, the number of correct answers in DSB test significantly increased only in the HIIT group ( = 0.003). However, the standing long jump, DSF, and the Tower of Hanoi test performance did not change after intervention. The findings of the present study suggest that HIIT has positive effects on a core executive function such as working memory in addition to components of the physical fitness such as cardiorespiratory endurance and muscular endurance.
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Role of Left Ventricle Function in Cardiac Rehabilitation Outcomes in Stage B Heart Failure Patients.
J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev2019 Nov;():. doi: 10.1097/HCR.0000000000000461.
Braga Marta, Nascimento Helena, Nunes Alzira, Araújo Paulo, Pinto Roberto, Rodrigues Joana, Araújo Vítor, Parada-Pereira Fernando, Maciel Maria Júlia, Rocha Afonso,
Abstract
PURPOSE:
To study the role of left ventricle systolic function in cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP) response in stage B heart failure patients.
METHODS:
A retrospective analysis was completed of 691 patients with previous myocardial infarction that underwent a CRP, classified in 3 groups: preserved ejection fraction (pEF), mid-range ejection fraction (mrEF), and reduced ejection fraction (rEF). We compared the response to CRP analyzing the relative changes of estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (CRFe), resting heart rate (HR), and chronotropic index (CI).
RESULTS:
After exercise training (median [interquartile range]) mrEF (23.9% [9.7, 40.8]) and rEF (23.9% [9.7, 41.2]) groups had a better CRFe response to CRP than pEF groups (17.6% [0.0, 35.9]), P = .009. CI increased similarly in all groups. We found a small effect of CRP on resting HR.
CONCLUSION:
Exercise-based CRP yields notable benefits to mrEF and rEF groups and the magnitude of its benefits is, at least, similar to that found in pEF patients.
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Consumption of a high-fat diet does not potentiate the deleterious effects on lipid and protein levels and body development in rats subjected to maternal protein restriction.
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol2019 Nov;():. doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.13210.
Dos Sávio, Santos Barbosa , da Ana Paula, Fonseca Arcoverde Cabral de Mello , de Viviane, Oliveira Nogueira Souza , da Silva Ially Fabiane, de Melo Palloma Emanuelle Dornelas, Dos Santos Carlos Renato, da Costa-Silva João Henrique, Araújo Alice Valença,
Abstract
Maternal undernutrition may cause injuries in several organs of the offspring, as well as lead to diseases in adulthood. Obesity and/or the consumption of a high-fat diet may also induce metabolic and cardiorespiratory diseases. We hypothesized that the consumption of a post-weaning high-fat diet would potentiate the deleterious effects of maternal protein undernutrition. This study evaluated the effects of the association of a low-protein diet during gestation and lactation with a post-weaning high-fat diet on the biochemical and ventilatory parameters of rats. Male Wistar rats from mothers who received a low-protein (9% of protein) or normoprotein diet during pregnancy and lactation received a high-fat (32% of total kilocalories from lipids) or a normal fat diet after weaning. Mass gain and somatic growth of the offspring were monitored. Also examined were biochemical chemical parameters and respiratory frequency, tidal volume (volume of air displaced in each normal respiratory cycle when extra effort is not applied), and pulmonary ventilation. Offspring from undernourished mothers presented lower birth weight (p=0.0225), which remained until the end of lactation (p<0.01). The rats that consumed high-fat diet and had been submitted to maternal undernutrition presented higher tidal volume when compared to the ones that consumed control diet at the 21st day of life (p?0.05). At 30 and 90 days, no further ventilatory changes were observed. Our data show that the consumption of a high-fat diet post weaning did not seem to potentiate the changes induced by maternal undernutrition.
© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
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