Pubblicazioni recenti - cardiorespiratory
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Exploring the Effects of Graphene-Based Nanoparticles on Early Salmonids Cardiorespiratory Responses, Swimming and Nesting Behavior.
J Xenobiot2024 Apr;14(2):484-496. doi: 10.3390/jox14020029.
Makaras Tomas, Jakubowska-Lehrmann Magdalena, Jurgel?n? ?ivil?, ?em?uk Sergej,
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials are exceptionally attractive for a wide range of applications, raising the likelihood of the release of graphene-containing nanoparticles into aquatic environments. The growing use of these carbon nanomaterials in different industries highlights the crucial need to investigate their environmental impact and evaluate potential risks to living organisms. The current investigation evaluated the nanotoxicity of graphene (nanoflakes) and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles on the cardiorespiratory responses (heart rate, gill ventilation frequency), as well as the swimming and nesting behavioral parameters of early stage larvae and juvenile salmonids. Both short-term (96 h) and long-term (23 days) exposure experiments were conducted using two common species: brown trout () and rainbow trout (). The findings demonstrated notable alterations in fish nesting behavior, swimming performance, and cardiorespiratory functions, indicating the potential toxicity of nanoparticles. This impact was observed at both physiological and whole-organismal levels in salmonids at early stages. Future investigations should explore different types of nanocarbons and their potential enduring effects on fish population structure, considering not only individual survival but also broader aspects of development, including feeding, reproductive, and other social dynamics.
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NOT lost in translation: Translatome mapping as a novel approach to identify regulators of atherosclerosis.
Cardiovasc Res -
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Impaired in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression.
Med Sci Sports Exerc2024 Apr;():. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003451.
Alvares Thiago S, de Souza Leonardo Victor Miranda, Soares Rogério Nogueira, Lessard Sarah J,
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease by up to 8-fold, and is one of the strongest predictors of mortality. Some studies demonstrate impaired CRF in people living with type 1 and type 2 diabetes compared to those without diabetes, while others demonstrate no diabetes-associated impairment in CRF.
PURPOSE:
We aimed to determine whether diabetes can influence CRF, and if so, identify clinical associations underlying diabetes-associated exercise impairments.
METHODS:
68 studies were included in the quantitative analysis. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated and meta-analyses and meta-regressions were performed by using a random-effects model.
RESULTS:
Diabetes is associated with a large negative effect on CRF (SMD = -0.80; p
CONCLUSIONS:
These data demonstrate a negative influence of diabetes on the key risk factor of low CRF and provide critical insight into specific clinical markers of low CRF associated with diabetes.
Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Sports Medicine.
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Comparison between high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) alternated with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and HFNO and NIV alone in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study.
Eur J Med Res2024 Apr;29(1):248. doi: 248.
da Cruz Amanda Pereira, Martins Gloria, Martins Camila Marinelli, Marques Victoria, Christovam Samantha, Battaglini Denise, Robba Chiara, Pelosi Paolo, Rocco Patricia Rieken Macedo, Cruz Fernanda Ferreira, Dos Santos Samary Cynthia, Silva Pedro Leme,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Non-invasive respiratory support (conventional oxygen therapy [COT], non-invasive ventilation [NIV], high-flow nasal oxygen [HFNO], and NIV alternated with HFNO [NIV?+?HFNO] may reduce the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in patients with COVID-19. The outcome of patients treated non-invasively depends on clinical severity at admission. We assessed the need for IMV according to NIV, HFNO, and NIV?+?HFNO in patients with COVID-19 according to disease severity and evaluated in-hospital survival rates and hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) lengths of stay.
METHODS:
This cohort study was conducted using data collected between March 2020 and July 2021. Patients???18 years admitted to the ICU with a diagnosis of COVID-19 were included. Patients hospitalized for?3 days, receiving therapy (COT, NIV, HFNO, or NIV?+?HFNO) for?48 h, pregnant, and with no primary outcome data were excluded. The COT group was used as reference for multivariate Cox regression model adjustment.
RESULTS:
Of 1371 patients screened, 958 were eligible: 692 (72.2%) on COT, 92 (9.6%) on NIV, 31 (3.2%) on HFNO, and 143 (14.9%) on NIV?+?HFNO. The results for the patients in each group were as follows: median age (interquartile range): NIV (64 [49-79] years), HFNO (62 [55-70] years), NIV?+?HFNO (62 [48-72] years) (p?=?0.615); heart failure: NIV (54.5%), HFNO (36.3%), NIV?+?HFNO (9%) (p?=?0.003); diabetes mellitus: HFNO (17.6%), NIV?+?HFNO (44.7%) (p?=?0.048).?>?50% lung damage on chest computed tomography (CT): NIV (13.3%), HFNO (15%), NIV?+?HFNO (71.6%) (p?=?0.038); SpO/FiO: NIV (271 [118-365] mmHg), HFNO (317 [254-420] mmHg), NIV?+?HFNO (229 [102-317] mmHg) (p?=?0.001); rate of IMV: NIV (26.1%, p?=?0.002), HFNO (22.6%, p?=?0.023), NIV?+?HFNO (46.8%); survival rate: HFNO (83.9%), NIV?+?HFNO (63.6%) (p?=?0.027); ICU length of stay: NIV (8.5 [5-14] days), NIV?+?HFNO (15 [10-25] days (p?0.001); hospital length of stay: NIV (13 [10-21] days), NIV?+?HFNO (20 [15-30] days) (p?0.001). After adjusting for comorbidities, chest CT score and SpO/FiO, the risk of IMV in patients on NIV?+?HFNO remained high (hazard ratio, 1.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-3.04).
CONCLUSIONS:
In patients with COVID-19, NIV alternating with HFNO was associated with a higher rate of IMV independent of the presence of comorbidities, chest CT score and SpO/FiO. Trial registration?ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05579080.
© 2024. The Author(s).
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Resistance training and cardiometabolic risk in women with metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab2024 Apr;():. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0279.
Tremblay Eve-Julie, Peyrel Paul, Karelis Antony, Rabasa-Lhoret Rémi, Tchernof André, Joanisse Denis R, Mauriège Pascale,
Abstract
Despite some reported benefits, there is a low quality of evidence for resistance training (RT) improving metabolic health of individuals with overweight or obesity. We evaluated the impact of RT on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical performance, lipid-lipoprotein profile, inflammation, and glucose-insulin homeostasis in 51 postmenopausal women vs. 29 controls matched for age, obesity, and physical activity. Exercised women were further subdivided for comparison of RT effects into those presenting metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and those with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO) classified according to Karelis and Rabasa-Lhoret or an approach based on adipose tissue secretory dysfunction using the plasma adiponectin(A)/leptin (L) ratio. Participants followed a 4-month weekly RT program targeting major muscle groups (3x10 repetitions at 80% 1-RM). Percent fat marginally decreased and lean body mass increased (0.01
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Lipophilic analogues of D-cysteine prevent and reverse physical dependence to fentanyl in male rats.
Front Pharmacol2023 ;14():1336440. doi: 1336440.
Bates James N, Getsy Paulina M, Coffee Gregory A, Baby Santhosh M, MacFarlane Peter M, Hsieh Yee-Hsee, Knauss Zackery T, Bubier Jason A, Mueller Devin, Lewis Stephen J,
Abstract
We examined whether co-injections of the cell-permeant D-cysteine analogues, D-cysteine ethyl ester (D-CYSee) and D-cysteine ethyl amide (D-CYSea), prevent acquisition of physical dependence induced by twice-daily injections of fentanyl, and reverse acquired dependence to these injections in freely-moving male Sprague Dawley rats. Injection of the opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone HCl (NLX, 1.5 mg/kg, IV), elicited a series of withdrawal phenomena that included cardiorespiratory and behavioral responses, and falls in body weight and body temperature, in rats that received 5 or 10 injections of fentanyl (125 ?g/kg, IV), and the same number of vehicle co-injections. Regarding the development of physical dependence, the NLX-precipitated withdrawal phenomena were markedly reduced in fentanyl-injected rats that had received co-injections of D-CYSee (250 ?mol/kg, IV) or D-CYSea (100 ?mol/kg, IV), but not D-cysteine (250 ?mol/kg, IV). Regarding reversal of established dependence to fentanyl, the NLX-precipitated withdrawal phenomena in rats that had received 10 injections of fentanyl (125 ?g/kg, IV) was markedly reduced in rats that received co-injections of D-CYSee (250 ?mol/kg, IV) or D-CYSea (100 ?mol/kg, IV), but not D-cysteine (250 ?mol/kg, IV), starting with injection 6 of fentanyl. This study provides evidence that co-injections of D-CYSee and D-CYSea prevent the acquisition of physical dependence, and reverse acquired dependence to fentanyl in male rats. The lack of effect of D-cysteine suggests that the enhanced cell-penetrability of D-CYSee and D-CYSea into cells, particularly within the brain, is key to their ability to interact with intracellular signaling events involved in acquisition to physical dependence to fentanyl.
Copyright © 2024 Bates, Getsy, Coffee, Baby, MacFarlane, Hsieh, Knauss, Bubier, Mueller and Lewis.
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The concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of a submaximal exercise test in adolescents with autism.
Disabil Rehabil2024 Apr;():1-11. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2024.2340704.
Arkesteyn Anke, Cornelissen Véronique, Steyaert Jean, Claes Jomme, Michielsen Matthijs, Van Damme Tine,
Abstract
PURPOSE:
There is a need for valid and reliable clinical assessment tools to assess cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels in adolescents with autism. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of the Astrand-Rhyming Test (ART) in this population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
45 adolescents with autism aged 12-18 years (?=?32 males, 14.47?±?1.79 years) performed the ART twice (test-retest reliability) and completed a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) (concurrent validity). Reliability parameters included Pearson correlations, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard error of measurements (SEM), minimal detectable changes (MDC), coefficients of variation, paired sample t-tests, linear regressions and Bland-Altman plots. The concurrent validity was evaluated with Pearson correlations, ICCs, paired sample t-tests, linear regressions and Bland-Altman plots.
RESULTS:
Strong test-retest reliability (?=?0.84-0.85, ICC = 0.84-0.85) was found for the ART, but the wide limits of agreement intervals suggest the presence of substantial variability. The large SEM (4.73-5.08?mL/kg/min) and MDC (13.20-14.07?mL/kg/min) values suggest lower absolute reliability. Moderate to strong levels of association (?=?0.74-0.75) and agreement (ICC = 0.59-0.66) were found between estimated (ART1) and measured (CPET) VO max levels, but significant systematic differences (5.71-8.82?mL/kg/min) were observed.
CONCLUSION:
The ART is an accessible and promising method to monitor submaximal CRF levels over time but is less appropriate to estimate maximal CRF levels in this population.
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Relative Effectiveness of the MF59®-Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccine Versus High-Dose and Non-Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccines in Preventing Cardiorespiratory Hospitalizations During the 2019-2020 US Influenza Season.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses2024 Apr;18(4):e13288. doi: e13288.
Imran Mahrukh, Puig-Barbera Joan, Ortiz Justin R, Lopez-Gonzalez Lorena, Dean Alex, Bonafede Machaon, Haag Mendel D M,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Adults ??65?years of age have suboptimal influenza vaccination responses compared to younger adults due to age-related immunosenescence. Two vaccines were specifically developed to enhance protection: MF59-adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine (aIIV3) and high-dose egg-based trivalent influenza vaccine (HD-IIV3e).
METHODS:
In a retrospective cohort study conducted using US electronic medical records linked to claims data during the 2019-2020 influenza season, we compared the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of aIIV3 with HD-IIV3e and a standard-dose non-adjuvanted egg-based quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4e) for the prevention of cardiorespiratory hospitalizations, including influenza hospitalizations. We evaluated outcomes in the "any" diagnosis position and the "admitting" position on the claim. A doubly robust methodology using inverse probability of treatment weighting and logistic regression was used to adjust for covariate imbalance. rVE was calculated as 100?*?(1?-?OR).
RESULTS:
The study included 4,299,594 adults ??65?years of age who received aIIV3, HD-IIV3e, or IIV4e. Overall, aIIV3 was associated with lower proportions of cardiorespiratory hospitalizations with diagnoses in any position compared to HD-IIV3e (rVE?=?3.9% [95% CI, 2.7-5.0]) or IIV4e (9.0% [95% CI, 7.7-10.4]). Specifically, aIIV3 was more effective compared with HD-IIV3e and IIV4e in preventing influenza hospitalizations (HD-IIV3e: 9.7% [95% CI, 1.9-17.0]; IIV4e: 25.3% [95% CI, 17.7-32.2]). Consistent trends were observed for admitting diagnoses.
CONCLUSION:
Relative to both HD-IIV3e and IIV4e, aIIV3 provided improved protection from cardiorespiratory or influenza hospitalizations.
© 2024 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Relatedness of hypoxia and hyperthermia tolerances in the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and their relationships with cardiac and gill traits.
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol2024 Apr;():111648. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111648.
Akrokoh Jesslyn, Bediako Jedida Osei, Fafanyo Kelvin, Musah-Yussif Harriya, Asubonteng Audrey Korsah, Adjei Henry Owusu, Ofori Anthea Georgina Ama, Skov Peter Vilhelm, Obirikorang Kwasi Adu,
Abstract
In fish, thermal and hypoxia tolerances may be functionally related, as suggested by the oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT) concept, which explains performance failure at high temperatures due to limitations in oxygen delivery. In this study the interrelatedness of hyperthermia and hypoxia tolerances in the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and their links to cardiorespiratory traits were examined. Different groups of O. niloticus (n?=?51) were subjected to hypoxia and hyperthermia challenges and the O tension for aquatic surface respiration (ASR pO) and critical thermal maximum (CTmax) were assessed as measurement endpoints. Gill filament length, total filament number, ventricle mass, length and width were also measured. Tolerance to hypoxia, as evidenced by ASR pO thresholds of the individual fish, was highly variable and varied between 0.26 and 3.39?kPa. ASR events increased more profoundly as O tensions decreased below 2?kPa. The CTmax values recorded for the O. niloticus individuals ranged from 43.1 to 44.8?°C (Mean: 44.2?±?0.4?°C). Remarkably, there was a highly significant correlation between ASR pO and CTmax in O. niloticus (r?=?-0.76, p?0.0001) with ASR pO increasing linearly with decreasing CTmax. There were, however, no discernible relationships between the measured cardiorespiratory properties and hypoxia or hyperthermia tolerances. The strong relationship between hypoxia and hyperthermia tolerances in this study may be related to the ability of the cardiorespiratory system to provide oxygen to respiring tissues under thermal stress, and thus provides some support for the OCLTT concept in this species, at least at the level of the entire organism.
Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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L-NAC and L-NAC methyl ester prevent and overcome physical dependence to fentanyl in male rats.
Sci Rep2024 Apr;14(1):9091. doi: 9091.
Bates James N, Baby Santhosh M, Getsy Paulina M, Coffee Gregory A, Hsieh Yee-Hsee, Knauss Zackery T, Dahan Albert, Bubier Jason A, MacFarlane Peter M, Mueller Devin, Lewis Stephen J,
Abstract
N-acetyl-L-cysteine (L-NAC) is a proposed therapeutic for opioid use disorder. This study determined whether co-injections of L-NAC (500 ?mol/kg, IV) or its highly cell-penetrant analogue, L-NAC methyl ester (L-NACme, 500 ?mol/kg, IV), prevent acquisition of acute physical dependence induced by twice-daily injections of fentanyl (125 ?g/kg, IV), and overcome acquired dependence to these injections in freely-moving male Sprague Dawley rats. The injection of the opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone HCl (NLX; 1.5 mg/kg, IV), elicited a series of withdrawal phenomena (i.e. behavioral and cardiorespiratory responses, hypothermia and body weight loss) in rats that received 5 or 10 injections of fentanyl and similar numbers of vehicle co-injections. With respect to the development of dependence, the NLX-precipitated withdrawal phenomena were reduced in rats that received had co-injections of L-NAC, and more greatly reduced in rats that received co-injections of L-NACme. In regard to overcoming established dependence, the NLX-precipitated withdrawal phenomena in rats that had received 10 injections of fentanyl (125 ?g/kg, IV) were reduced in rats that had received co-injections of L-NAC, and more greatly reduced in rats that received co-injections of L-NACme beginning with injection 6 of fentanyl. This study provides compelling evidence that co-injections of L-NAC and L-NACme prevent the acquisition of physical dependence and overcome acquired dependence to fentanyl in male rats. The higher efficacy of L-NACme is likely due to its greater cell penetrability in brain regions mediating dependence to fentanyl and interaction with intracellular signaling cascades, including redox-dependent processes, responsible for the acquisition of physical dependence to fentanyl.
© 2024. The Author(s).
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Process- and Product-Oriented Fundamental Movement Skills in Early Childhood as Predictors of Later Health-Related Fitness.
Med Sci Sports Exerc2024 Apr;():. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003458.
Kasanen Maria, Sääkslahti Arja, Niemistö Donna, Tolvanen Asko, Luukkainen Nanne-Mari, Meklin Elina, Laukkanen Arto,
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
The skill domains of fundamental movement skills (FMS), emphasizing gross motor movements, including locomotor skills (LMS) and object control skills (OCS), along with process- and product-oriented measures of FMS, may predict cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) differently. This study investigates the longitudinal relationship from early childhood FMS, focusing on process-oriented LMS and OCS and product-oriented FMS, to CRF and MF in late childhood.
METHODS:
The study involved 441 Finnish children (49.9% female, mean age at baseline 5.5 years) over a six-year period. FMS was evaluated using the Test of Gross Motor Development, third version (TGMD-3) for process-oriented LMS and OCS and, the Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK) was used to evaluate the product-oriented FMS. CRF was assessed through the total number of laps completed in the 20-meter shuttle run test, while MF was measured via repetitions of curl-ups and push-ups. Employing a two-level cross-classified regression analysis and Cholesky decomposition, this study aimed to determine the contributions of product-oriented KTK and process-oriented LMS and OCS. Adjustments for variations in age, measurement intervals, and maturation were achieved through residualization. Additionally, gender and body mass index (BMI) were incorporated as covariates in the analysis.
RESULTS:
The analysis revealed that process-oriented LMS (CRF: ?R2 = 0.016, MF: ?R2 = 0.014) significantly predicted later health-related fitness, while OCS did not. However, KTK exhibited a better ability to predict both CRF (?R2 = 0.092) and MF (?R2 = 0.032), overshadowing process-oriented measures.
CONCLUSIONS:
In conclusion, the findings suggest that KTK, which potentially encompasses a broader spectrum of fitness elements along with FMS, more effectively predicts health-related fitness components than process-oriented FMS.
Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Sports Medicine.
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Tirzepatide and exercise training in obesity.
Clin Hemorheol Microcirc2024 Apr;():. doi: 10.3233/CH-242134.
Bagherzadeh-Rahmani Behnam, Marzetti Emanuele, Karami Esmail, Campbell Bill I, Fakourian Ali, Haghighi Amir Hossein, Mousavi Seyyed Hossein, Heinrich Katie M, Brazzi Luca, Jung Friedrich, Baker Julien S, Patel Darpan I,
Abstract
OBJECTIVES:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of resistance training (RT) combined with aerobic training (AT) and Tirzepatide supplementation on lipid profiles, insulin resistance, anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness in prediabetic obese soldiers.
METHODS:
61 obese men were randomly divided into six groups: Placebo; Tirzepatide 5?mg (T5); Tirzepatide 2.5?mg (T2.5); Hypertrophy, Strength, Power-Circuit Training+Placebo (Ex+P); Hypertrophy, Strength, Power-Circuit Training+Tirzepatide 5?mg (Ex+T5); Hypertrophy, Strength, Power-Circuit Training+Tirzepatide 2.5?mg (Ex+T2.5). All training groups performed aerobic training (AT) after resistance training. Subjects trained for six weeks, three sessions per week. Before and after the intervention period, the participants were evaluated for anthropometric measures, body composition [body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and fat mass (FM)], cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), and muscle strength (chest press 1RM and leg press 1RM). Blood biochemistry evaluations included triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin level and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). To evaluate the differences between the groups, ANCOVA statistical method was used along with Bonferroni's post hoc test, and the significance level was P?
RESULTS:
Body weight, BMI, WC, FM, FBG, LDL-C, TC, TG and HOMA-IR were significantly decreased in Ex+P, Ex+T5 and Ex+T2.5 groups compared to Placebo, T5 and T2.5 groups. WHR significantly decreased in Ex+P, Ex+T5 and Ex+T2.5 groups compared to Placebo group. HDL-C, chest press and leg press significantly increased in Ex+P, Ex+T5 and Ex+T2.5 groups compared to Placebo, T5 and T2.5 groups. VO2max significantly increased and insulin significantly decreased in Ex+P group compared to Placebo, T5 and T2.5 groups. FM, FBG and TG were significantly decreased in both the T2.5 and T5 groups compared to Placebo group. HOMA-IR, LDL-C and TC significantly decreased in the T5 group compared to Placebo group. Also, leg press significantly increased in Ex+P group compared to all other groups.
CONCLUSIONS:
Performing six weeks of combined resistance and aerobic training in the form of RT+AT alone is more effective than the simultaneous use of Tirzepatide on cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, and modulating insulin levels. Taking Tirzepatide in doses of 5?mg and 2.5?mg in combination with exercise training did not have a significant advantage over exercise training alone. Finally, taking Tirzepatide in doses of 5?mg or 2.5?mg in combination with exercise training is not significantly superior to each other.
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Cardiometabolic and immune response to exercise training in patients with metabolic syndrome: retrospective analysis of two randomized clinical trials.
Front Cardiovasc Med2024 ;11():1329633. doi: 1329633.
Lechner Katharina, Kia Sylvia, von Korn Pia, Dinges Sophia M, Mueller Stephan, Tjønna Arnt-Erik, Wisløff Ulrik, Van Craenenbroeck Emeline M, Pieske Burkert, Adams Volker, Pressler Axel, Landmesser Ulf, Halle Martin, Kränkel Nicolle,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by the presence of central obesity plus ?two metabolic/cardiovascular risk factors (RF), with inflammation being a major disease-driving mechanism. Structured endurance exercise training (ET) may positively affect these traits, as well as cardiorespiratory fitness (V?Opeak).
AIMS:
We explore individual ET-mediated improvements of MetS-associated RF in relation to improvements in V?Opeak and inflammatory profile.
METHODS:
MetS patients from two randomized controlled trials, ExMET (?=?24) and OptimEx (?=?34), had performed 4- or 3-months supervised ET programs according to the respective trial protocol. V?Opeak, MetS-defining RFs (both RCTs), broad blood leukocyte profile, cytokines and plasma proteins (ExMET only) were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Intra-individual changes in RFs were analysed for both trials separately using non-parametric approaches. Associations between changes in each RF over the exercise period (-fold of baseline values) were correlated using a non-parametrical approach (Spearman). RF clustering was explored by uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) and changes in RF depending on other RF or exercise parameters were explored by recursive partitioning.
RESULTS:
Four months of ET reduced circulating leukocyte counts (63.5% of baseline, ?=?8.0e-6), especially effector subtypes. ET response of MetS-associated RFs differed depending on patients' individual RF constellation, but was not associated with individual change in V?Opeak. Blood pressure lowering depended on cumulative exercise duration (ExMET: ?102?min per week; OptimEx-MetS: ?38?min per session) and baseline triglyceride levels (ExMET:
CONCLUSIONS:
ET significantly lowered effector leukocyte blood counts. The improvement of MetS-associated cardiovascular RFs depended on individual basal RF profile and exercise duration but was not associated with exercise-mediated increase in V?Opeak. Neuropilin-1 may be linked to exercise-mediated triglyceride lowering.
© 2024 Lechner, Kia, von Korn, Dinges, Mueller, Tjønna, Wisløff, Van Craenenbroeck, Pieske, Adams, Pressler, Landmesser, Halle and Kränkel.
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Burden of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with lung cancer and its effect on performance status.
J Sleep Res2024 Apr;():e14212. doi: 10.1111/jsr.14212.
Zidan Mohamed H, Shaarawy Hany M, Gharraf Heba S, Helal Suzan F, Hassan Maged, Rizk Rana,
Abstract
The association between lung cancer and obstructive sleep apnea has remained a matter of debate for years. Obstructive sleep apnea is thought to increase the incidence of lung cancer due to intermittent hypoxaemia and sleep fragmentation. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with lung cancer and its effect on those patients' performance status. This is a prevalence study that was conducted at Chest Diseases Department, Alexandria Main University Hospitals. We enrolled 153 patients with lung cancer. All patients underwent cardiorespiratory monitoring using a home sleep-testing device. Performance status was assessed using Karnofsky performance status scale. The study included 120 (78.4%) males and 33 (21.6%) females newly diagnosed with lung cancer. The mean age was 59.98?±?11.11?years. Obstructive sleep apnea (apnea-hypopnea index ??5) was present in 134 (87.6%) patients. Eighty-five (63.4%) patients had mild obstructive sleep apnea, 39 (29.1%) patients had moderate obstructive sleep apnea, and 10 (7.46%) patients had severe obstructive sleep apnea. Prolonged nocturnal oxygen desaturation as demonstrated by time of oxygen saturation spent below 90% (T90%) during total sleep time?>?30% was present in 25 (16.3%) patients. There was a significant difference in the median value of Karnofsky performance status scale between patients with lung cancer and associated obstructive sleep apnea and those without obstructive sleep apnea. In conclusion, obstructive sleep apnea is highly prevalent among patients with lung cancer. Performance status is worse among patients with lung cancer in the presence of obstructive sleep apnea. Screening patients with lung cancer for obstructive sleep apnea is important regardless of the presence of classical symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea.
© 2024 European Sleep Research Society.
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Cross-sectional interactive associations of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with physical capacity across adulthood.
J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle2024 Apr;():. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.13457.
Raffin Jérémy, Rolland Yves, Aubertin-Leheudre Mylène, Aragoni da Silva Jaqueline, Guyonnet Sophie, Pillard Fabien, Vellas Bruno, de Souto Barreto Philipe, ,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The way physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) independently and interactively modify the age-related decline in physical capacity remains poorly understood. This cross-sectional study investigated the independent and interactive associations of PA and SB with physical function and performance throughout the adult life course.
METHODS:
Data from 499 community-dwelling adults (63% female) aged 20-92 years, involved in the INSPIRE Human Translational Cohort, were used in this cross-sectional study. Daily time spent on moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA, min/day) and SB (h/day) was measured with activPAL triaxial accelerometers. Physical function and performance were assessed through the measurement of the 4-m usual gait speed (m/s), handgrip strength (kg), lower-limb strength (isokinetic knee extension torque, N·m), estimated lower-limb power (five-time chair-rise test performance, s) and cardiorespiratory fitness (V?Omax, mL/kg/min). Confounder-adjusted multiple linear and curvilinear regressions were performed to investigate how MVPA, SB and their interactions were associated with the physical outcomes (all square root-transformed except gait speed) throughout the adulthood spectrum.
RESULTS:
Interaction analyses revealed that the combination of higher levels of MVPA with lower levels of SB favourably reshaped the negative relationship between handgrip strength and age (age × SB × MVPA: B = -7E-08, SE = 3E-08, P
CONCLUSIONS:
This cross-sectional study demonstrated that reduced sedentary time and increased activity duration were independently and synergistically associated with an attenuated age-related loss in physical capacity. These findings need to be confirmed with longitudinal data but encourage both adopting an active lifestyle and reducing sedentary time as preventive measures against physical aging.
© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC): Human Studies Design and Protocol.
J Appl Physiol (1985)2024 Apr;():. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00102.2024.
Study Group MoTrPAC,
Abstract
Physical activity, including structured exercise, is associated with favorable health-related chronic disease outcomes. While there is evidence of various molecular pathways that affect these responses, a comprehensive molecular map of these molecular responses to exercise has not been developed. The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) is a multi-center study designed to isolate the effects of structured exercise training on the molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits of exercise and physical activity. MoTrPAC contains both a pre-clinical and human component. The details of the human studies component of MoTrPAC that include the design and methods are presented here. The human studies contain both an adult and pediatric component. In the adult component, sedentary participants are randomized to 12 weeks of Control, Endurance Exercise Training, or Resistance Exercise Training with outcomes measures completed before and following the 12 weeks. The adult component also includes recruitment of highly active endurance trained or resistance trained participants who only complete measures once. A similar design is used for the pediatric component; however, only endurance exercise is examined. Phenotyping measures include weight, body composition, vital signs, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, physical activity and diet, and other questionnaires. Participants also complete an acute rest period (adults only) or exercise session (adults, pediatrics) with collection of biospecimens (blood only for pediatrics) to allow for examination of the molecular responses. The design and methods of MoTrPAC may inform other studies. Moreover, MoTrPAC will provide a repository of data that can be used broadly across the scientific community.
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Sleep studies in obese children with obstructive sleep apnea: Pulse oximetry as a diagnostic tool.
J Sleep Res2024 Apr;():e14214. doi: 10.1111/jsr.14214.
Gowai Hani, Ugonna Kelechi,
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with many co-morbidities in children and young people. Obesity has long been recognised as an important risk factor associated with obstructive sleep apnea. Currently, polysomnography is regarded as the gold-standard diagnostic tool for obstructive sleep apnea. The validity of oximetry as a screening and diagnostic tool for obstructive sleep apnea has been the subject of several studies in the literature. There is little published evidence on the use of oximetry in children with obesity. This study assesses whether oximetry is a reliable diagnostic tool for obstructive sleep apnea in obese children. We reviewed the medical records of obese children with a suspected diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea who underwent oximetry and cardiorespiratory polygraphy or full polysomnography at Sheffield Children's Hospital between January 2010 and March 2022. We compared oximetry results with the apnea-hypopnea index from cardiorespiratory polygraphy or full polysomnography for each patient. A total of 60 patient records were included in the analysis. The sensitivity of oximetry in diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea was 70.9%, with a specificity of 65.5% and a positive predictive value of 68.75%. In the subgroup of subjects with severe obstructive sleep apnea (apnea-hypopnea index?>?10), oximetry had a sensitivity of 87.5%. We concluded that oximetry could be a helpful initial diagnostic tool for obstructive sleep apnea in obese children, but is not entirely reliable. A negative oximetry result in a symptomatic individual should prompt a referral for more detailed investigations, while a positive result can help in treatment decisions without needing a polysomnography.
© 2024 European Sleep Research Society.
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Lean body mass and the cardiorespiratory phenotype: An ethnic-specific relationship in Hans Chinese women and men.
J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle2024 Apr;():. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.13464.
Guo Meihan, Diaz-Canestro Candela, Pugliese Nicola Riccardo, Paneni Francesco, Montero David,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Lean body mass (LBM) and the functional capacity of cardiovascular (CV) and respiratory systems constitute a female-specific relationship in European-American individuals. Whether this recent finding be extrapolated to the world's largest ethnic group, that is, Hans Chinese (HC, a population characterized by low LBM), is unknown.
METHODS:
Healthy HC adults (n = 144, 50% ?) closely matched by sex, age and physical activity were included. Total and regional (leg, arm and trunk) LBM and body composition were measured via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Cardiac structure, stiffness, central/peripheral haemodynamics and peak O consumption (VO) were assessed via transthoracic echocardiography and pulmonary gas analyses at rest and during exercise up to peak effort. Regression analyses determined the sex-specific relationship of LBM with cardiac and aerobic phenotypes.
RESULTS:
Total and regional LBM were lower and body fat percentage higher in women compared with men (P
CONCLUSIONS:
LBM independently determines internal cardiac dimensions, ventricular mass, distensibility and the capacity to deliver and consume O in HC adults irrespective of sex.
© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Cost-effectiveness of high-dose influenza vaccination in the Netherlands: Incorporating the impact on both respiratory and cardiovascular hospitalizations.
Vaccine2024 Apr;():. doi: S0264-410X(24)00465-1.
van der Pol Simon, Zeevat Florian, Postma Maarten J, Boersma Cornelis,
Abstract
OBJECTIVES:
We assess the cost-effectiveness of switching from standard-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccination (SD-QIV) to high-dose vaccination (HD-QIV) for Dutch adults aged 60 years and older.
METHODS:
A health-economic model was used to compare the scenario where HD-QIV was implemented compared to the current standard, SD-QIV. This model used a lifetime horizon and assessed the cost-effectiveness from a societal perspective. A recently published meta-analysis was used to incorporate the benefits of HD-QIV, including cardiorespiratory hospitalizations, in analyses considering RCT only or combining RCT and RWE estimates in a scenario analysis.
RESULTS:
Implementing HD-QIV is cost effective at its list price, with an ICER of ?5,400 per QALY gained. The main driver of these results is the prevention of cardiorespiratory hospitalizations. Other public health benefits are the prevention of GP consults and deaths. HD-QIV is highly likely to be cost-effective, reaching a 100% probability of being cost effective at the Dutch willingness-to-pay threshold of ?20,000 per QALY.
CONCLUSIONS:
Implementing HD-QIV for adults aged 60 and over within the existing influenza vaccination campaign is highly cost effective. HD-QIV may support alleviating potential capacity issues in Dutch hospitals in the winter respiratory season.
Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier India Pvt Ltd.
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Wearing face masks while climbing stairs influences respiratory physiology.
J Breath Res2024 Apr;():. doi: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad3fde.
Bar-On Ophir, Goldberg Ori, Stafler Patrick, Levine Hagit, Jacobi Eyal, Shmueli Einat, Rothschild Benjamin, Prais Dario, Mei-Zahav Meir,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
During the COVID-19 pandemic wearing face masks was mandatory. Nowadays, face masks are still encouraged indoors, especially in hospitals. People climbing stairs with masks describe unpredictable dyspnea.
METHODS:
Healthy adults climbed 5 floors with and without a mask. Various cardio-respiratory parameters were measured, including O2-Saturation (O2-Sat) and End-tidal CO2 (EtCO2), at baseline and on the top floor. Subjective indexes, such as Borg's scale, were evaluated.
RESULTS:
Thirty-two volunteers (16 males), median age 39 years (IQR 32.5-43), median BMI=23.6 (IQR 21.5-25.1), with good fitness levels, participated. Comparing baseline to end-activity, median (IQR): O2-Sat change was -1.0% (-2-0) without mask, versus -3.0% (-4-0) with mask, p=0.003; EtCO2 +7.0 (+3.3-+9) without mask, versus +8.0 (+6 -+12) with mask, p=0.0001. Hypercarbia was seen in 5 (15.6%) participants without mask, median=48mmHg (IQR 47.5-51), and in 11 (34%) participants with mask, median=50mmHg (IQR 47-54), p
CONCLUSIONS:
During routine daily activities, such as stair-climbing, face masks cause dyspnea, and have measurable influences on ventilation, including true desaturation and hypercapnia, especially in males.
© 2024 IOP Publishing Ltd.
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