DONA ORA
Pubblicazioni recenti - cardiorespiratory
-
Physical activity is favorably associated with arterial stiffness in patients with obesity and elevated metabolic risk.
Int J Clin Pract2020 Jun;():e13563. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.13563.
Königstein Karsten, Infanger Denis, Klenk Christopher, Carrard Justin, Hinrichs Timo, Schmidt-Trucksäss Arno,
Abstract
OBJECTIVES:
Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are relevant modifiers of cardiovascular risk. Their independent effects on arterial stiffness have not been assessed in people with obesity. This study aimed to assess the independent effects of light (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) physical activity and CRF on pulse wave velocity.
METHODS:
Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was measured cross-sectionally in 55 subjects (43.0±13.8 years; 66% women) with moderate cardiovascular risk. Body composition was assessed with bioelectrical impedance-analysis. Daily minutes of LPA and MVPA were measured by accelerometry and CRF (peak oxygen uptake (VO peak)) with spiroergometry. Independent effects of LPA, MVPA and VO peak on baPWV were analyzed in an age-, sex-, body fat mass- and blood pressure-adjusted ANOVA.
RESULTS:
Every 10min increase of daily MVPA was associated with a 2.8% (0.32m/s [-0.64 - 0.001m/s], P=0.05) reduction of baPWV, whereas LPA and VO peak had only little or no relevant effects on baPWV.
CONCLUSIONS:
Higher MVPA is associated with lower composite arterial stiffness independent of CRF and number of metabolic risk factors in patients with obesity and further metabolic risk factors. Thus, lifestyle interventions should aim for an increase of MVPA. BaPWV may improve monitoring of favorable effects of MVPA, even if an improvement of VO peak cannot be obtained.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Guarda su PubMed
-
Short-term high intensity interval training (HIIT) exercise does not affect gut bacterial community diversity or composition of lean and overweight men.
Exp Physiol2020 Jun;():. doi: 10.1113/EP088744.
Rettedal Elizabeth A, Cree Julia M E, Adams Shannon E, MacRae Caitlin, Skidmore Paula Ml, Cameron-Smith David, Gant Nicholas, Blenkiron Cherie, Merry Troy L,
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS:
What is the central question of this study? Does short-term high intensity interval training alter microbiome composition, and does this associate with exercise-induced improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and insulin sensitivity? What is the main finding and its importance? Despite high intensity interval training increasing insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular fitness it did not alter microbiome composition. This suggests microbiome composition changes that occur with prolonged exercise training may respond to changes in metabolic health rather than drive exercise training induced adaptations.
ABSTRACT:
Regular exercise reduces the risk of metabolic diseases, and gut microbiome composition has been associated with metabolic function. We investigated whether short-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) alters bacterial community diversity and composition, and whether there were associations with markers of insulin sensitivity or aerobic fitness. Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO ) and body composition (DXA scan) were assessed, and faecal and fasted blood samples collected from 14 lean (fat mass 21 ± 2%, aged 29 ± 2 y) and 15 overweight (fat mass 33 ± 2%, aged 31 ± 2 y) men before and following 3 weeks of HIIT training (8-12 × 60 s cycle ergometer bouts at VO power output interspersed by 75 s rest, 3 times per week). Gut microbiome composition was analysed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. HIIT significantly increased aerobic fitness of both groups (p < 0.001), and improved markers of insulin sensitivity (lowered fasted insulin and HOMA-IR; p < 0.001) in the overweight group. Despite differences in the abundance of several bacterial taxa being evident between the lean and overweight group, HIIT did not affect the overall bacterial diversity or community structure (?-diversity or ?-diversity). No associations were found between the top 50 most abundant bacteria genera and cardiorespiratory fitness markers, however, significant associations (p < 0.05) were observed between the bacterial species Coprococcus_3, Blautia, Lachnospiraceae_ge and Dorea abundance and insulin sensitivity markers in the overweight group. Our results suggest short-term HIIT does not greatly impact the overall composition of the gut microbiome, however certain microbiome genera associate with insulin sensitivity markers that were improved by HIIT in overweight participants. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Guarda su PubMed
-
Testing validity of FitnessGram in two samples of US adolescents (12-15 years).
J Exerc Sci Fit2020 Sep;18(3):129-135. doi: 10.1016/j.jesf.2020.04.002.
Lee Eun-Young, Barnes Joel D, Lang Justin J, Silva Diego A S, Tomkinson Grant R, Tremblay Mark S,
Abstract
Background:
This study examined the validity of the FitnessGram® criterion-reference cut-points for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) based on two samples of US adolescents (aged 12-15 years). This study also established the CRF cut-points for metabolically healthy weight status based on a recent national fitness survey for the purposes of cross-validating with pre-existing cut-points including FitnessGram.
Methods:
Two cross-sectional data from the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (n = 378) and 2012 NHANES National Youth Fitness Survey (NNYFS) (n = 451) were used. CRF (estimated O in mL/kg/min) was estimated from a submaximal exercise test. CRF categories based on FitnessGram cut-points, a clustered cardiometabolic risk factors score and weight status were used. A series of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were conducted to identify age- and sex-specific CRF cut-points that were optimal for metabolically healthy weight status.
Results:
Based on FitnessGram cut-points, having high risk CRF, but not low risk CRF, was associated with high cardiometabolic risk (OR = 3.17, 95% CI = 1.14-8.79) and unhealthy weight status (OR = 5.81, 95% CI = 3.49-9.68). The optimal CRF cut-points for 12-13-year-olds and 14-15-year-olds were 40 and 43 mL/kg/min in males and 39 and 34 mL/kg/min in females, respectively. Compared to meeting new CRF cut-points, not meeting new CRF cut-points was associated with higher odds of showing high cardiometabolic risk (OR = 2.91, 95% CI = 1.47-5.77) and metabolically unhealthy weight status (OR = 4.47, 95% CI = 2.83-7.05).
Conclusion:
FitnessGram CRF cut-point itself has rarely been scrutinized in previous literature. Our findings provide partial support for FitnessGram based on two samples of US adolescents. CRF cut-points established in this study supports international criterion-referenced cut-points as well as FitnessGram cut-points only for males. FitnessGram should be continuously monitored and scrutinized using different samples.
© 2020 The Society of Chinese Scholars on Exercise Physiology and Fitness. Published by Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd.
Guarda su PubMed
-
Six-Hour Manual Ventilation with a Bag-Valve-Tube Device by Briefly Trained Non-Medical Personnel is Feasible.
Prehosp Disaster Med2020 Jun;():1-6. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X20000679.
Maklada Nana, Katz Shalhav Malka, Lagazzi Emanuele, Halpern Pinchas,
Abstract
RATIONALE:
Manual ventilation with a bag-valve device (BVD) is a Basic Life Support skill. Prolonged manual ventilation may be required in resource-poor locations and in severe disasters such as hurricanes, pandemics, and chemical events. In such circumstances, trained operators may not be available and lay persons may need to be quickly trained to do the job.
OBJECTIVES:
The current study investigated whether minimally trained operators were able to manually ventilate a simulated endotracheally intubated patient for six hours.
METHODS:
Two groups of 10 volunteers, previously unfamiliar with manual ventilation, received brief, structured BVD-tube ventilation training and performed six hours of manual ventilation on an electronic lung simulator. Operator cardiorespiratory variables and perceived effort, as well as the quality of the delivered ventilation, were recorded. Group One ventilated a "normal lung" (compliance 50cmH2O/L, resistance 5cmH2O/L/min). Group Two ventilated a "moderately injured lung" (compliance 20cmH2O/L, resistance 20cmH2O/L/min).
RESULTS:
Volunteers' blood pressure, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) were stable throughout the study. Perceived effort was minimal. The two groups provided clinically adequate and similar RRs (13.3 [SD = 3.0] and 14.1 [SD = 2.5] breaths/minute, respectively) and minute volume (MV; 7.6 [SD = 2.1] and 7.7 [SD = 1.4] L/minute, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS:
The results indicate that minimally trained persons can effectively perform six hours of manual BVD-tube ventilation of normal and moderately injured lungs, without undue effort. Quality of delivered ventilation was clinically adequate.
Guarda su PubMed
-
Does Ramadan Observance Affect Cardiorespiratory Capacity of Healthy Boys?
Am J Mens Health;14(3):1557988320917587. doi: 10.1177/1557988320917587.
Miladi Amira, Ben Fraj Selma, Latiri Imed, Ben Saad Helmi,
Abstract
Studies raising the issue of the effects of Ramadan observance (RO) on boys' 6-min walk test (6MWT) data are rare. The studies, which did not include control groups of non-fasters, presented contradictory results. This study aimed to compare the 6MWT data (6-min walk distance [6MWD; m, %predicted], heart rate [HR; bpm, % of maximal predicted HR]), oxy-hemoglobin saturation (Oxy-sat; %), systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP, respectively; mmHg) determined at rest ( and at the end of the test) of a group of 22 healthy fasting boys (age: 12 to 15 years) with an age-matched non-fasting group ( = 10). The 6MWTs were performed during three experimental conditions (ECs): Pre-Ramadan, Mid-Ramadan, and Post-Ramadan. The two groups' 6MWT data for each EC were compared, and repeated factorial analysis of variance (2 groups vs. 3 ECs) was performed. Both groups had similar values of 6MWD (m, %predicted), HR or HR (bpm, % of maximal predicted HR), Oxy-sat, Oxy-sat, SBP, and DBP during the three ECs. Compared to the non-fasting group, the fasting group had significantly higher SBP (121 ± 10 vs. 130 ± 11) and DBP (72 ± 6 vs. 78 ± 7) determined during the Mid-Ramadan EC. No significant interactive effects of the groups (2) vs. ECs (3) was found for the 6MWD (%predicted; = .809), HR (%, = .555), HR (%, = .964), Oxy-sat ( = .336), Oxy-sat ( = .389), SBP ( = .708), SBP ( = .548), DBP ( = .277), and DBP ( = .096). To conclude, in boys, RO does not impact the 6MWD, HR, or Oxy-sat, but it has minimal impact on the SBP and DBP.
Guarda su PubMed
-
Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and social cognition in healthy adults.
Scand J Med Sci Sports2020 May;():. doi: 10.1111/sms.13730.
Ludyga Sebastian, Schilling René, Colledge Flora, Brand Serge, Pühse Uwe, Gerber Markus,
Abstract
PURPOSE:
Whereas there is compelling evidence for an association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and executive function and attention, its relation with social cognition has not been investigated yet. However, social cognition is linked with mental health and career success in jobs with high demands on social interaction. The present study aims to examine the association between CRF and the facial emotion recognition aspect of social cognition in police officers.
METHODS:
The study utilized a cross-sectional design. 198 male and female participants (aged 38.3 ± 1.3 years) completed the Åstrand submaximal bicycle ergometer test and their CRF was estimated using the Åstrand-Rhyming nomogram. Additionally, a 2-choice reaction time task and two facial emotion recognition tasks (labeling and matching) with low (emotion recognition from faces) and high (emotion recognition from eyes) difficulty trials were administered for the assessment of attention and social cognition.
RESULTS:
Adjusting for age, gender, education and attention, hierarchical regression supported higher CRF to be related to higher performance on overall performance on the facial emotion labeling and matching tasks, Beta=0.141, p=0.046. With regard to difficulty levels, a similar association between CRF and task performance was found for the faces condition, Beta=0.147, p=0.043, but not for the eyes condition, Beta=0.105, p=0.132.
CONCLUSIONS:
Social cognition appears to differ as a function of adults' CRF level. The present findings have a high relevance for police officers, because they need to rely on this cognitive domain for many decisions in their work-life.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Guarda su PubMed
-
The effects of an aerobic training intervention on cognition, grey matter volumes and white matter microstructure.
Physiol Behav2020 May;223():112923. doi: S0031-9384(20)30237-7.
Sexton Claire E, Betts Jill F, Dennis Andrea, Doherty Aiden, Leeson Paul, Holloway Cameron, Dall'Armellina Erica, Winkler Anderson M, Demnitz Naiara, Wassenaar Thomas, Dawes Helen, Johansen-Berg Heidi,
Abstract
While there is strong evidence from observational studies that physical activity is associated with reduced risk of cognitive decline and dementia, the extent to which aerobic training interventions impact on cognitive health and brain structure remains subject to debate. In a pilot study of 46 healthy older adults (66.6 years ± 5.2 years, 63% female), we compared the effects of a twelve-week aerobic training programme to a waitlist control condition on cardiorespiratory fitness, cognition and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by VO max testing. Cognitive assessments spanned executive function, memory and processing speed. Structural MRI analysis included examination of hippocampal volume, and voxel-wise assessment of grey matter volumes using voxel-based morphometry. Diffusion tensor imaging analysis of fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity was performed using tract-based spatial statistics. While the intervention successfully increased cardiorespiratory fitness, there was no evidence that the aerobic training programme led to changes in cognitive functioning or measures of brain structure in older adults. Interventions that are longer lasting, multi-factorial, or targeted at specific high-risk populations, may yield more encouraging results.
Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Guarda su PubMed
-
Thrombolysis in Pulmonary Embolism: An Evidence-Based Approach to Treating Life-Threatening Pulmonary Emboli.
Crit Care Clin2020 Jul;36(3):465-480. doi: S0749-0704(20)30015-4.
Kaplovitch Eric, Shaw Joseph R, Douketis James,
Abstract
Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is associated with high in-hospital morbidity and mortality, both via cardiorespiratory decompensation and the bleeding complications of treatment. Thrombolytic therapy can be life-saving in those with high-risk PE, but requires careful patient selection. Patients with PE and systemic arterial hypotension ("massive PE") should receive thrombolytic therapy unless severe contraindications are present. Patients with PE and right ventricular dysfunction/injury, but without hypotension ("submassive PE"), should be considered for thrombolysis on a case-by-case basis, considering bleeding risk, cardiac biomarkers, echocardiography, and most importantly, clinical status.
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Guarda su PubMed
-
Implementation of Physical Employment Standards for Physically Demanding Occupations.
J Occup Environ Med2020 May;():. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001921.
Stevenson Richard D M, Siddall Andrew G, Turner Philip F J, Bilzon James L J,
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this paper was to describe an approach to implementing and integrating physical employment standards into an organisational procedure, to ensure the safe and effective supervision of physical fitness of workers in a physically demanding occupation, using a real-world example.
METHODS:
Using previously published cardiorespiratory, muscular strength and endurance physical demands data from UK firefighters, a process to manage all levels of physical capability was developed with industry stakeholders.
RESULTS:
Performance standards and associated cut-scores relating to acceptable, uncertain, and unacceptable job performance, using a traffic-light style process, were agreed by stakeholders to ensure the safe and effective management of incumbent's physical fitness.
CONCLUSIONS:
This paper describes the processes involved in implementing a physical capability management procedure, for the administration of routine in-service physical employment standards and tests in the UK Fire & Rescue Service.
Guarda su PubMed
-
Association between 24-hour movement guidelines and physical fitness in children.
Pediatr Int2020 May;():. doi: 10.1111/ped.14322.
Tanaka Chiaki, Tremblay Mark S, Okuda Masayuki, Tanaka Shigeho,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Physical fitness levels in Japanese children are lower than those in the 1980s. 24-h movement guidelines were recently developed to improve both present and future health of children. This study examined whether meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines was associated with physical fitness measures in primary school children.
METHODS:
Participants were 243 Japanese children (9.4±1.7 years). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was evaluated using accelerometry. Sleep duration and screen time were reported. Physical fitness was assessed by grip strength, sit-ups, sitting trunk flexion, and 20-m shuttle run test. Meeting the 24-h movement guidelines was defined as: 9 to 11 h/night of sleep, ?2 h/day of screen time, and at least 60 min/day of MVPA. The associations between physical fitness and the recommendations were analyzed using analysis of covariance.
RESULTS:
Children meeting the MVPA recommendation alone performed better on the 20-m shuttle run and sit-up test compared to those not meeting the recommendation (number of laps: 41 vs 36, p=0.009 and number of repetitions: 16.3 vs 14.7, p=0.021). Children meeting the combination of MVPA and sleep recommendation scored significantly higher on the sit-up test compared to those not meeting the recommendations (number of repetitions: 16.5 vs 15.0, p=0.038), but the effect was similar to that of the MVPA reference only. Meeting all three 24-hour movement guidelines was not associated with measures of fitness in this sample. Meeting the MVPA recommendation was associated with greater aerobic fitness and muscle endurance.
CONCLUSION:
In order to enhance children's physical fitness, public health recommendations should primarily target MVPA.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Guarda su PubMed
-
Training Program With Outdoor Fitness Equipment in Parks Offers No Substantial Benefits for Functional Fitness in Active Seniors: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
J Aging Phys Act2020 May;():1-8. doi: 10.1123/japa.2019-0009.
Liu Ya-Chen, Yang Wen-Wen, Fang I-Yao, Pan Hope Li-Ling, Chen Wei-Han, Liu Chiang,
Abstract
Outdoor fitness equipment (OFE) is installed in parks to promote health, particularly among seniors. However, no quantitative study has investigated its effectiveness. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effectiveness of 12 weeks of OFE training on functional fitness in seniors. Forty-two active seniors were recruited and randomly assigned into OFE and control groups. The OFE group underwent 12 weeks of training using popular OFE for cardiorespiratory function, flexibility, and strength, whereas participants in the control group were asked to maintain their previous lifestyles. The senior fitness test was assessed before and after the 12-week period. Unexpectedly, the results showed no significant improvement within or between the groups after the 12-week training in all parameters (p > .05). In conclusion, the 12-week OFE training failed to enhance functional fitness among active seniors. Potential reasons for the limited training effects might be lack of resistance components and diversity of the OFE design and installation.
Guarda su PubMed
-
[Guidance to reduce the risk of Sudden and Unexpected Postnatal Collapse].
Arch Argent Pediatr2020 Jun;118(3):S107-S117. doi: 10.5546/aap.2020.S107.
Jenik Alejandro, Rocca Rivarola Manuel, Grad Estela, Machado Rea Edith S, Rossato Norma E,
Abstract
Early skin-to-skin contact (SSC) between mothers and healthy term newborns is a key part of the Unicef Baby Friendly Initiative Standards. SSC immediately after birth provides cardiorespiratory stability, improves prevalence and duration of breastfeeding, improves maternalinfant bonding and decreases maternal stress. There is a concern about cases of sudden unexpected postnatal collapse during a period of SSC with the infant prone on the mother´s chest. Said collapse includes both severe apparent lifethreatening event and sudden unexpected early neonatal death in the first week of life. Even if considered rare, consequences are serious with death in half of the cases and remaining disability in majority of the cases reported. For these reasons during SSC and for at least the first 2 hours after delivery, health care personnel in the delivery and recovery room should observe and assess for any sign of decompensation in the infant.
Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría.
Guarda su PubMed
-
Beetroot () Extract Acutely Improves Heart Rate Variability Recovery Following Strength Exercise: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial-Pilot Study.
J Am Coll Nutr2020 May;():1-10. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1774441.
Benjamim Cicero Jonas R, S Júnior Francisco Wellington, de Figueirêdo Maria Íris L S, Benjamim Cicera Josilânia R, Cavalcante Taisy C Ferro, da Silva Amanda A Marcelino, Monteiro Larissa Raylane L, Santana Milana Drumond R, Garner David M, Valenti Vitor E,
Abstract
We assessed the acute effect of beetroot extract intake on cardiovascular and autonomic recovery subsequent to strength exercise. This is a crossover, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. We assessed 16 subjects but only 12 healthy male adults completed the two protocols in two randomized days: Beetroot extract (600?mg in capsule) and placebo (600?mg starch in capsule). Beetroot extract or placebo was ingested, the subjects endured 120?minutes seated at rest, followed by a 75% 1RM strength exercise and then remained seated for 60?minutes at rest. Cardiorespiratory parameters, heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) (SDNN, rMSSD, pNN50, SD1, SD2 HF [ms]) were estimated before, during exercise and during recovery from exercise. ingestion of beetroot extract before exercise: accelerates the recovery of SBP following physical effort; improves HR recovery to baseline resting levels (beetroot protocol: change in ?62% vs. placebo protocol: change in ?80%), and intensifies the return of vagal HR control during recovery after exercise. Beetroot extract acutely improved cardiovascular and autonomic recovery after exercise.
Guarda su PubMed
-
High-intensity interval training improves cardiorespiratory fitness in cancer patients and survivors: A meta-analysis.
Eur J Cancer Care (Engl)2020 May;():e13267. doi: 10.1111/ecc.13267.
Wallen Matthew P, Hennessy Declan, Brown Stephen, Evans Luke, Rawstorn Jonathan C, Wong Shee Anna, Hall Adrian,
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and usual care (UC) on cardiorespiratory fitness (peak V?O ) in cancer patients and survivors. Secondary objectives were to compare the effects of HIIT versus MICT and UC on other cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) indices. Safety and adherence to HIIT were also evaluated.
METHODS:
A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials were undertaken using eligible studies from electronic database searching (inception-December 2019). Mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were compared and heterogeneity assessed using Cochran's Q and I statistic.
RESULTS:
Twelve eligible studies included 516 participants with post-intervention CPET data. No serious adverse events occurred. Adherence to HIIT ranged between 71.2% and 95.6%. HIIT had significantly higher peak V?O compared with UC (MD = 2.11 ml kg min , 95% CI 0.75-3.47, p = .002). No significant difference was found between HIIT and MICT (MD = 2.03 ml kg min , 95%CI -0.75-4.83, p = .15). HIIT was more effective than UC to improve peak oxygen pulse (MD = 1.59 ml/beat, 95%CI 0.06-3.12, p = .04).
CONCLUSIONS:
Quantitative assessment of HIIT studies indicates good compliance, with a significant effect on peak V?O and peak oxygen pulse compared with UC in cancer patients and survivors. HIIT demonstrates a comparable effect with MICT to improve peak V?O .
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Guarda su PubMed
-
Lifestyle associated with physical fitness related to health and cardiometabolic risk factors in Chilean schoolchildren.
Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr2020 May;():. doi: S2530-0164(20)30101-4.
Bustos-Barahona Rocío, Delgado-Floody Pedro, Martínez-Salazar Cristian,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Excessive screen time (ST) and lower physical activity (PA) patterns have been reported to have an impact on cardiometabolic risk (CMR); however, their impact on physical fitness needs in-depth study.
OBJECTIVE:
To determine the association between lifestyle (i.e. ST and PA after school) with physical fitness related to health and CMR (i.e. abdominal obesity and hypertension) in Chilean schoolchildren.
METHODS:
The sample for this cross-sectional study comprised 263 girls (11.87±0.83 years) and 319 boys (12.02±0.88 years). The body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to height ratio (WtHR), CMR (WtHR?0.5), body fat (BF), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), physical fitness, ST (h/day), and PA after school (h/week) were evaluated.
RESULTS:
Schoolchildren with good lifestyle had a lower BMI, WC, and WtHR (P<0.001) as well as a better VOmax (P<0.001) and standing long jump test (SLJ) (P=0.002). The schoolchildren with bad lifestyle had the highest proportion of students with abdominal obesity (WtHR?0.5) (30.6%, P=0.009) and hypertension. (40.9%, P<0.001). Likewise, PA after school (?; -0.02, P=0.002) and cardiorespiratory fitness (?; -0.02, P=0.002) adjusted by age and sex reported inverse associations with abdominal obesity (WtHR?0.5). Likewise, ST presented a positive association with SBP (?; 0.14, P=0.030). Moreover, handgrip strength (?; -0.17, P=0.010) and SLJ (?; -0.05, P=0.023) reported inverse associations with SBP.
CONCLUSION:
In schoolchildren, a bad lifestyle was associated with low physical fitness related to health and CMR (i.e. abdominal obesity and hypertension).
Copyright © 2020 SEEN y SED. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
Guarda su PubMed
-
The Association between Physical Fitness Performance and Subjective Happiness among Taiwanese Adults.
Int J Environ Res Public Health2020 May;17(11):. doi: E3774.
Chen Hui-Ling, Lee Po-Fu, Chang Yun-Chi, Hsu Fu-Shu, Tseng Ching-Yu, Hsieh Xin-Yu, Ho Chien-Chang,
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine the association between health-related physical fitness (HRPF) performance and perceived happiness status among adults in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted, and data derived from the National Physical Fitness Survey in Taiwan 2014-2015 were reviewed. The participants included 27,930 men and 30,885 women, aged 23 to 64 years. Each participant completed a standardized, structured questionnaire and underwent anthropometric variable and HRPF measurements. The happiness outcome of an individual was obtained using the questionnaire, and the results were stratified into happy (very happy, quite happy, and fair) and unhappy (unhappy and not at all happy) groups for perceived happiness status. HRPF measurements were evaluated using cardiorespiratory endurance (3 min step test), muscle strength and endurance (1 min sit-up test), flexibility (sit-and-reach test), and body composition (body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio). To determine the existence of a dose-response relationship between HRPF component levels and happiness status, four quartiles of HRPF components were analyzed using multiple logistic regression models. Multiple logistic regression results indicated that with the worst performance level of HRPF components as a baseline, significant associations were observed for the sit-and-reach test (third level: OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.02-1.49) and BMI (second level: OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.64-0.95) among men. For women, significant associations were observed for the 1 min sit-up test (second level: OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.03-1.60; third level: OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.04-1.67; fourth (the best) level: OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.12-1.95) and BMI (third level: OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.58-0.92). The current study suggested that higher values in flexibility and body composition, happiness-related factors, potentially improve the occurrence of happiness among men. Moreover, this positive effect of higher values of muscle strength, endurance, and BMI was observed for the occurrence of happiness in women. However, the relevant mechanism underlying this phenomenon must be further explored.
Guarda su PubMed
-
Exercise-Induced Genomic and Transcriptomic Changes in Heart Failure.
J Heart Lung Transplant2020 Apr;39(4S):S471. doi: S1053-2498(20)30026-7.
Bondar G, Bao T, Kurani M, Oh E, Patel K, Shah K, Nelson S, Savvidou S, Kupiec-Weglinsky S, Fadly G, Higuchi E, Silacheva I, LaPierre N, Li Z, Genewick K, Yu S, Grogan T, Elashoff D, Wang W, Ping P, Rossetti M, Reed E, Li X, Deng M,
Abstract
PURPOSE:
Cardiorespiratory test (CPX) directly measures cardiorespiratory fitness (CF). CF refers to the ability to supply oxygen to skeletal muscles during sustained exercise and is measured by peak oxygen uptake (VO2) per kg/min body weight. We postulate that impaired CF is associated with pro-inflammatory mechanisms in heart failure (HF). CPX-induced cell free mitochondria DNA (cf-mtDNA) release mediates a pro-inflammatory pattern in HF patients evaluated for heart transplantation. We hypothesize that CPX-induced cf-mtDNA release induces, in healthy individuals, a tightly regulated anti-inflammatory pattern, which is altered in chronic HF. This CPX-induced pattern can aid in clinical management of HF.
METHODS:
16 HF patients and 4 healthy volunteers (HV) underwent CPX using a standardized bicycle ergometer ramp protocol until their individual peak VO2 was reached. Participants were divided into 3 groups: HV (n=4), HF1 (n=7, VO2 >14 mL/kg/min) and HF2 (n=9, VO2 ?14 mL/kg/min). Blood samples were collected at 3 time points: 30 min before exercise (TP1), at peak VO2 uptake (TP2), and 1 hour post-exercise (TP3) for genomic and transcriptomic analysis using statistical testing (ANOVA).
RESULTS:
Numbers of cf-mtDNA fragments showed a trend towards an increase in HF within 1h after peak VO2 and decrease in HV (Fig. 1). Time series analysis yielded 11 differentially expressed peripheral blood mononuclear cell transcripts that were more similar between TP2 and TP3 than at TP1 (Fig. 2). The gene expression profile in HF2 was markedly different at all time points from HF1 and HV.
CONCLUSION:
CPX allows to study exercise-induced mechanisms of inflammation in HF.
Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Guarda su PubMed
-
Comparing the Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Lung Transplantation.
J Heart Lung Transplant2020 Apr;39(4S):S104. doi: S1053-2498(20)30979-7.
Ortiz P, Kashem M, Sunagawa G, Leotta E, Minakata K, Brann S, Shigemura N, Toyoda Y,
Abstract
PURPOSE:
The method of cardiorespiratory support used during lung transplantation (LTx) has been debated. This study serves to compare survival after LTx in patients who received support from either extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
METHODS:
We studied 565 LTx performed at a single institution between March 2012 and June 2019. Concomitant cardiac procedures were excluded. 118 underwent CPB, 49 underwent ECMO, and 398 were considered "off-pump", as they received neither support. Comparisons between groups were performed using Chi-squared or ANOVA test. All significant variables from univariate analysis were included in a Cox regression analysis. Survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier curve and compared by log rank test. P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
RESULTS:
There was marginal survival difference (p =0.057) between the CPB, ECMO, and "off-pump" groups when analyzed together. When compared to the "off-pump" group in a Cox regression analysis, CPB (RR. 1.52, 95% CI: 0.99-2.31, p=0.054) and ECMO (RR. 1.71, 95% CI: 0.96-3.04, p=0.070) had borderline significant negative impact on survival. When compared amongst the three support groups, analysis of variances and Chi-squared tests showed no differences in recipient sex (p=0.089), race (p=0.42), donor age (p=0.69), donor type (brain death or donation after cardiac death) (p=0.59) and induction (p=0.38). The "off-pump" group was significantly older (p<0.001), had lower lung allocation scores (p=0.001) and had significantly more male donors (p=0.0084). The CPB group had a significantly higher number of double lung transplants (p<0.001). When accounting for these variables individually, Cox regression analysis showed they had no significant impact on survival.
CONCLUSION:
This study demonstrates the borderline significance of CPB and ECMO impact on survival and warrants further exploration into the question of proper cardiorespiratory support in LTx.
Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Guarda su PubMed
-
Influence of Exercise on the Human Gut Microbiota of Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review.
Clin Transl Gastroenterol2020 Feb;11(2):e00126. doi: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000126.
Ortiz-Alvarez Lourdes, Xu Huiwen, Martinez-Tellez Borja,
Abstract
OBJECTIVES:
To summarize the literature on the influence of exercise on the gut microbiota of healthy adults.
METHODS:
A systematic and comprehensive search in electronic database, including SciELO, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science up to July 5, 2019. Eligibility criterion was original studies conducted on healthy humans including exercise interventions or interventions involving any type of physical activity.
RESULTS:
The initial search retrieved 619 articles of which 18 met the inclusion criteria, 9 were observational, 4 reported very short-term exercise interventions, and 5 reported medium/long-term exercise interventions. Higher levels of physical activity or cardiorespiratory fitness were positively associated with fecal bacterial alpha diversity. Contrasting associations were detected between both the level of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness and fecal counts for the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. Higher levels of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness were positively associated with the fecal concentration of short-chain fatty acids. Reports on the effects of very short-term and medium/long-term exercise interventions on the composition of the gut microbiota were inconsistent.
DISCUSSION:
Higher levels of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with higher fecal bacterial alpha diversity and with the increased representation of some phyla and certain short-chain fatty acids in the feces of healthy adults. Very short-term and medium/long-term exercise interventions seem to influence the fecal counts of some phyla. However, the heterogeneity between studies hampers any strong conclusions from being drawn. Better-designed studies are needed to unravel the possible mechanisms through which exercise might influence the composition and activity of the human gut microbiota.
Guarda su PubMed
-
Exercise Training for Cancer Survivors.
Curr Treat Options Oncol2020 May;21(7):53. doi: 10.1007/s11864-020-00752-w.
Tong Calvin K W, Lau Benny, Davis Margot K,
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT:
Cardiovascular diseases are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer survivors. Furthermore, some cancer therapies are now being increasingly recognized to have negative cardiovascular effects, or cardiotoxicity. Exercise therapy has been found to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with cancer as well as attenuate the cardiotoxic effects of cancer therapy. It is the centerpiece for cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation programs. It is also an important component in cardio-oncology rehabilitation. Exercise is generally safe, and its benefit is observed when started as soon as the diagnosis of cancer and throughout cancer survivorship.
Guarda su PubMed
