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Pubblicazioni recenti - cardiorespiratory
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The Relationship Between Resting Cerebral Blood Flow, Neurometabolites, Cardio-Respiratory Fitness and Aging-Related Cognitive Decline.
Front Psychiatry2022 ;13():923076. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.923076.
Krishnamurthy Venkatagiri, Paredes Spir Isabella, Mammino Kevin M, Nocera Joe R, McGregor Keith M, Crosson Bruce A, Krishnamurthy Lisa C,
Abstract
Older adults typically experience a decline in cognitive function, but improvements in physical health and lifestyle can be neuroprotective across the human lifespan. The primary objective of this study is to advance our basic understanding of how cardiorespiratory fitness and neurophysiological attributes relate to cognitive decline. While cerebral blood flow (CBF) is critical for the supply of nutrients to the tissue, the brain's major neurotransmitters (i.e., gamma-aminobutyric acid, GABA, and glutamate-glutamine complex, Glx) are closely linked to oxidative metabolism. Within the context of flow-metabolism coupling, the critical question is how these neurophysiological parameters interplay, resulting in cognitive decline. Further, how cardiorespiratory fitness may impact aging neurophysiology and cognition is not well understood. To address these questions, we recruited 10 younger and 12 older cognitively intact participants to collect GABA and Glx using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), CBF using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), VO2max as a measure of cardiorespiratory fitness using the YMCA submax test, and cognitive and motor-cognitive measures using a battery of behavioral assessments. We observed expected differences in GABA+, Glx, and CBF between younger and older participants in pre-SMA, a frontal domain-general region. When GABA+ and Glx were related to CBF via multiple linear regression, Glx was identified as the main contributor to the model. For higher-order executive function (i.e., inhibition versus color naming), GABA*Glx*CBF interaction was critical in younger, while only Glx was involved in older participants. For unimanual motor dexterity, GABA*Glx interaction was the common denominator across both groups, but younger participants' brain also engages CBF. In terms of selective motor inhibition, CBF from younger participants was the only major neurophysiological factor. In terms of fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness was significantly related to GABA, Glx, and motor performance when combining cohorts, but no group-specific relationships were observed. Taken together, our results indicate that Glx and CBF coupling decreases with aging, perhaps due to altered glial oxidative metabolism. Our data suggest that GABA, Glx, and CBF are engaged and weighted differently for different cognitive measures sensitized to aging, and higher fitness allows for a more efficient metabolic shift that facilitates improved performance on cognitive-motor tasks.
Copyright © 2022 Krishnamurthy, Paredes Spir, Mammino, Nocera, McGregor, Crosson and Krishnamurthy.
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Effects of Early Bedside Cycle Exercise on Gastrointestinal Function in Intensive Care Unit Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation.
Front Med (Lausanne)2022 ;9():823067. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.823067.
Yu Tingting, Cai Fuliang, Jiang Rong,
Abstract
Background:
A prolonged stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with gastrointestinal failure, which may have a destructive effect on functional status within 1 year after hospital discharge. The aim was to investigate the effects of a daily exercise session, using a bedside cycle ergometer, on gastrointestinal functions, such as diarrhea, gastric retention, and vomiting, in patients with severe pneumonia who received mechanical ventilation (MV).
Methods:
The study was a randomized controlled trial, and its setting was the ICU of a tertiary hospital in Eastern China. A total of 102 critically ill patients who received MV were recruited only when their cardiorespiratory function was deemed stable to perform a bedside cycling exercise. Those patients were expected to spend a minimum of 7 days in the ICU. All subjects received respiratory physiotherapy and performed a daily standardized passive or active motion session of their limbs. The patients were randomized into two groups, namely, the treatment group, which were administered passive or active leg exercise intervention for 20 min/day using a bedside ergometer, and the control group, which did not. Gastrointestinal (GI) functions and the nutritional status of both groups were evaluated on the first, fourth, and seventh days of training and at discharge.
Results:
During the 7 days of the study, the number of patients with diarrhea in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group. In contrast, there were significantly more patients in the treatment group with increased bowel sounds (
Conclusion:
Early exercise training in critical ICU survivors who received MV enhanced the recovery of gastrointestinal functions and improved the patient's nutrition status at hospital discharge.
Copyright © 2022 Yu, Cai and Jiang.
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Associations of physical condition with lung function and asthma in adolescents from the general population.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol2022 Jun;33(6):. doi: 10.1111/pai.13811.
Mensink-Bout Sara M, Jahangir Marc R, de Jongste Johan C, Raat Hein, Jaddoe Vincent W V, Duijts Liesbeth,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The relation of physical condition with respiratory outcomes in adolescents is unclear. We examined the hypothesis that adolescents with a lower physical condition represented by a lower cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity, and a higher screen time have a lower lung function and higher risk of asthma.
METHODS:
In a population-based prospective cohort study on 4854 children aged 13?years, we assessed cardiorespiratory fitness by using the peak work rate measured by the steep ramp test. Information on physical activity and screen time was obtained by self-reported questionnaires. Lung function was measured by spirometry and current asthma was assessed by a parental-reported questionnaire.
RESULTS:
Taking sociodemographic, lifestyle, and growth-related confounders and multiple hypothesis testing into account, a 1 SD lower cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with a lower FEV , FVC, and FEF (Z-score difference (95% CI): -0.31 (-0.35, -0.28), -0.30 (-0.33, -0.26), -0.13 (-0.17, -0.10), respectively), and a higher risk of asthma (Odds Ratio (95% CI) 1.25 (1.06, 1.46)). A 1 SD higher screen time was associated with a lower FVC (Z-score difference (95% CI): -0.06 (-0.10, -0.03)). Physical activity and screen time were not related to asthma. Results did not materially change after additional adjustment for respiratory outcomes at an earlier age.
CONCLUSION:
Adolescents with a lower cardiorespiratory fitness had a lower lung function and a higher risk of asthma. Those with a higher screen time had a lower FVC. Further studies are needed to explore the effect of improvements in physical condition on long-term respiratory outcomes.
© 2022 The Authors. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology published by European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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A brief review on failed hybrid treatment for massive pulmonary embolism: catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) and pharmaco-mechanical thrombolysis (PMT).
Curr Probl Cardiol2022 Jun;():101294. doi: S0146-2806(22)00191-8.
Cueto-Robledo Guillermo, Rivera-Sotelo Nathaly, Roldan-Valadez Ernesto, Narvaez-Oriani Carlos-Alfredo, Cueto-Romero Hector-Daniel, Gonzalez-Hermosillo Leslie-Marisol, Hidalgo-Alvarez Martin, Barrera-Jimenez Beatriz,
Abstract
Acute massive or high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE), described as a lung arteries occlusion by an embolus, causes a significant compromise of hemodynamic stability and could lead to a lethal event. Systemic fibrinolytic therapy has been accepted as the standard reperfusion therapy in massive PE, except when there is an increased risk of bleeding. Catheter-based mechanical strategies (thrombofragmentation, thromboaspiration with catheter-guided thrombolysis) are described as options when there are absolute contraindications to systemic thrombolysis. We briefly reviewed clinical situations when patients with severe pneumonia due to COVID-19 are complicated by a high-risk saddle pulmonary embolism and underwent repeated pharmacomechanical thrombolysis and high-flow oxygen therapy. There are scarce reports of failed catheter-guided pharmacomechanical thrombolysis in patients with PE secondary to COVID-19. Re-administration of systemic thrombolysis and alteplase (15 mg dose) can show favorable results.
Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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Neurovegetative and Emotional Modulation Induced by Mozart's Music.
Neuropsychobiology2022 Jun;():1-10. doi: 10.1159/000525360.
Di Cesare Margherita, Tonacci Alessandro, Bondi Danilo, Verratti Vittore, Prete Giulia, Malatesta Gianluca, Pietrangelo Tiziana,
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
Since decades, the "Mozart effect" has been studied. However, the diverse effects of Mozart's music components have not been yet defined. Authors aimed to identify a differential response to short-term exposure to Mozart's music, or to its rhythmic signature only, on subjective and objective measures.
METHODS:
The Mozart Sonata in A major K 331 (Mozart), the same piece consisting only of beat (Destructured), and duration-matched silence were administered to 25 healthy young adults, stood supine in a relaxing setting. The Italian Mood Scale questionnaire was administered before and after each listening. Heart rate variability (HRV) metrics were calculated from ECG recording, and breath flow was registered during experiments.
RESULTS:
After Destructured, there was no change of fatigue and tension. After Mozart, fatigue was significantly reduced (and a tendency appeared for tension), whereas vigor was not. Breathing rate tended to be higher during Mozart. The nonlinear parameter HFD of HRV analysis, even though not significantly, was slightly lower during Destructured; Poincaré plots SD1 and SD2 tended to be lower during Mozart.
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION:
Mozart's music may allow to maintain arousal during relaxing condition. Psychological response of music and physiological dynamics were not necessarily entangled. Musical pieces based on individual physiological signature may lead musical psychological interventions.
© 2022 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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Respiratory and heart rate dynamics during peripheral chemoreceptor deactivation compared to targeted sympathetic and sympathetic/parasympathetic (co-)activation.
Auton Neurosci2022 Jun;241():103009. doi: S1566-0702(22)00068-6.
Apelt-Glitz Katharina, Alken Fares-Alexander, Jungen Christiane, Scherschel Katharina, Klöcker Nikolaj, Meyer Christian,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The importance of peripheral chemoreceptors for cardiorespiratory neural control is known for decades. Pure oxygen inhalation deactivates chemoreceptors and increases parasympathetic outflow. However, the relationship between autonomic nervous system (ANS) activation and resulting respiratory as well as heart rate (HR) dynamics is still not fully understood.
METHODS:
In young adults the impact of (1) 100 % pure oxygen inhalation (hyperoxic cardiac chemoreflex sensitivity (CHRS) testing), (2) the cold face test (CFT) and (3) the cold pressor test (CPT) on heart rate variability (HRV), hemodynamics and respiratory rate was investigated in randomized order. Baseline ANS outflow was determined assessing respiratory sinus arrhythmia via deep breathing, baroreflex sensitivity and HRV.
RESULTS:
Baseline ANS outflow was normal in all participants (23 ± 1 years, 7 females, 3 males). Hyperoxic CHRS testing decreased HR (after 60 ± 3 vs before 63 ± 3 min, p = 0.004), while increasing total peripheral resistance (1053 ± 87 vs 988 ± 76 dyne*s + m/cm, p = 0.02) and mean arterial blood pressure (93 ± 4 vs 91 ± 4 mm Hg, p = 0.02). HRV indicated increased parasympathetic outflow after hyperoxic CHRS testing accompanied by a decrease in respiratory rate (15 ± 1vs 19 ± 1 min, p = 0.001). In contrast, neither CFT nor CPT altered the respiratory rate (18 ± 1 vs 18 ± 2 min, p = 0.38 and 18 ± 1 vs 18 ± 1 min, p = 0.84, respectively).
CONCLUSION:
Changes in HR characteristics during deactivation of peripheral chemoreceptors but not during the CFT and CPT are related with a decrease in respiratory rate. This highlights the need of respiratory rate assessment when evaluating adaptations of cardiorespiratory chemoreceptor control.
Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Exercise Training to Increase Tumor NK Cell Infiltration in Men with Localized Prostate Cancer: an RCT.
BJU Int2022 Jun;():. doi: 10.1111/bju.15842.
Djurhuus Sissal Sigmundsdóttir, Simonsen Casper, Toft Birgitte Grønkaer, Thomsen Simon Nørskov, Wielsøe Sabrina, Røder Martin Andreas, Hasselager Thomas, Østergren Peter Busch, Jakobsen Henrik, Pedersen Bente Klarlund, Hojman Pernille, Brasso Klaus, Christensen Jesper Frank,
Abstract
OBJECTIVES:
To explore the effects of preoperative High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) compared to usual care on tumor natural killer (NK)-cell infiltration in men with localized prostate cancer (PC), as NK cell infiltration has been proposed as one of the key mechanisms whereby exercise can modulate human tumors.
PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Thirty patients with localized PCa undergoing radical prostatectomy were randomized (2:1) to either preoperative aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) four times weekly (EX; n=20) or usual care (CON; n=10) from time of inclusion until scheduled surgery. Tumor NK cell infiltration was assessed by immunohistochemistry (CD56 ) in diagnostic core needle biopsies and corresponding prostatic tissue from the prostatectomy. Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, blood biochemistry, and health-related quality of life were also evaluated.
RESULTS:
The change in tumor NK cell infiltration did not differ between the EX and CON group [between-group difference: -0.09 cells/mm (95% CI -1.85 to 1.66); P=?0.913] in the intention-to-treat analysis. The total number of exercise sessions varied considerably from 4 to 30 sessions. The per-protocol analysis showed a significant increase in tumor NK cell infiltration of 1.60 cells/mm (95% CI 0.59 to 2.62; P=0.004) in the EX group. Further, the total number of training sessions was positively correlated with the change in NK cell infiltration (r =?0.526, P =?0.021), VO (L/min) (r =?0.514, P =?0.035) and peak power output (W ) (r =?0.506, P =?0.038).
CONCLUSION:
Preoperative HIIT did not result in between-group differences in tumor NK cell infiltration. Per-protocol and exploratory analyses demonstrate an enhanced NK cell infiltration in PCa. Future studies are needed to test the capability of exercise to increase tumor immune cell infiltration.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Associations of resting and peak fat oxidation with sex hormone profile and blood glucose control in middle-aged women.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis2022 Jun;():. doi: S0939-4753(22)00251-4.
Karppinen Jari E, Juppi Hanna-Kaarina, Hintikka Jukka, Wiklund Petri, Haapala Eero A, Hyvärinen Matti, Tammelin Tuija H, Aukee Pauliina, Kujala Urho M, Laukkanen Jari, Laakkonen Eija K,
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS:
Menopause may reduce fat oxidation. We investigated whether sex hormone profile explains resting fat oxidation (RFO) or peak fat oxidation (PFO) during incremental cycling in middle-aged women. Secondarily, we studied associations of RFO and PFO with glucose regulation.
METHOD AND RESULTS:
We measured RFO and PFO of 42 women (age 52-58 years) with indirect calorimetry. Seven participants were pre- or perimenopausal, 26 were postmenopausal, and nine were postmenopausal hormone therapy users. Serum estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone, progesterone, and testosterone levels were quantified with immunoassays. Insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) and glucose tolerance (area under the curve) were determined by glucose tolerance testing. Body composition was assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; physical activity with self-report and accelerometry; and diet, with food diaries. Menopausal status or sex hormone levels were not associated with the fat oxidation outcomes. RFO determinants were fat mass (? = 0.44, P = 0.006) and preceding energy intake (? = -0.40, P = 0.019). Cardiorespiratory fitness (? = 0.59, P = 0.002), lean mass (? = 0.49, P = 0.002) and physical activity (self-reported ? = 0.37, P = 0.020; accelerometer-measured ? = 0.35, P = 0.024) explained PFO. RFO and PFO were not related to insulin sensitivity. Higher RFO was associated with poorer glucose tolerance (? = 0.52, P = 0.002).
CONCLUSION:
Among studied middle-aged women, sex hormone profile did not explain RFO or PFO, and higher fat oxidation capacity did not indicate better glucose control.
Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Resuming Training in High-Level Athletes After Mild COVID-19 Infection: A Multicenter Prospective Study (ASCCOVID-19).
Sports Med Open2022 Jun;8(1):83. doi: 10.1186/s40798-022-00469-0.
Chevalier Laurent, Cochet Hubert, Mahida Saagar, S Sylvain Blanchard, Benard Antoine, Cariou Tanguy, Sridi-Cheniti Soumaya, Benhenda Samy, Doutreleau Stéphane, Cade Stéphane, Guerard Sylvain, Guy Jean-Michel, Trimoulet Pascale, Picard Stéphane, Dusfour Bernard, Pouzet Aurelie, Roseng Stéphanie, Franchi Marco, Jaïs Pierre, Pellegrin Isabelle, ,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
There is a paucity of data on cardiovascular sequelae of asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic SARS-Cov-2 infections (COVID).
OBJECTIVES:
The aim of this prospective study was to characterize the cardiovascular sequelae of asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic COVID-19 among high/elite-level athletes.
METHODS:
950 athletes (779 professional French National Rugby League (F-NRL) players; 171 student athletes) were included. SARS-Cov-2 testing was performed at inclusion, and F-NRL athletes were intensely followed-up for incident COVID-19. Athletes underwent ECG and biomarker profiling (D-Dimer, troponin, C-reactive protein). COVID(+) athletes underwent additional exercise testing, echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR).
RESULTS:
285/950 athletes (30.0%) had mild/asymptomatic COVID-19 [79 (8.3%) at inclusion (COVID(+)); 206 (28.3%) during follow-up (COVID(+))]. 2.6% COVID(+) athletes had abnormal ECGs, while 0.4% had an abnormal echocardiogram. During stress testing (following 7-day rest), COVID(+) athletes had a functional capacity of 12.8?±?2.7 METS with only stress-induced premature ventricular ectopy in 10 (4.3%). Prevalence of CMR scar was comparable between COVID(+) athletes and controls [COVID(+) vs. COVID(-); 1/102 (1.0%) vs 1/28 (3.6%)]. During 289?±?56 days follow-up, one athlete had ventricular tachycardia, with no obvious link with a SARS-CoV-2 infection. The proportion with troponin I and CRP values above the upper-limit threshold was comparable between pre- and post-infection (5.9% vs 5.9%, and 5.6% vs 8.7%, respectively). The proportion with D-Dimer values above the upper-limit threshold increased when comparing pre- and post-infection (7.9% vs 17.3%, P?=?0.01).
CONCLUSION:
The absence of cardiac sequelae in pauci/asymptomatic COVID(+) athletes is reassuring and argues against the need for systematic cardiac assessment prior to resumption of training (clinicaltrials.gov; NCT04936503).
© 2022. The Author(s).
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Deglutition-related cardiorespiratory events.
Early Hum Dev2022 Jun;171():105602. doi: S0378-3782(22)00065-2.
Bordier Emily, Stumpf Katherine, Ortigoza Eric B,
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Home Cardiorespiratory Monitoring in Infants at Risk for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), Apparent Life-Threatening Event (ALTE) or Brief Resolved Unexplained Event (BRUE).
Life (Basel)2022 Jun;12(6):. doi: 883.
Sodini Chiara, Paglialonga Letizia, Antoniol Giulia, Perrone Serafina, Principi Nicola, Esposito Susanna,
Abstract
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is defined as the sudden death of an infant younger than one year of age which remains unexplained after a thorough case investigation, including performance of a complete autopsy, examination of the death scene, and review of the clinical history. About 90% of SIDS occur before six months of age, the peak incidence is between two and four months, and the median age for death is elven weeks. The clinical, social, and economic relevance of SIDS, together with the evidence that prevention of this syndrome was possible, has significantly stimulated research into risk factors for the development of SIDS in the hope of being able to introduce new effective preventive measures. This narrative review discusses the potential relationships between apparent life-threatening events (ALTE) or brief resolved unexplained events (BRUE) and SIDS development, and when a home cardiorespiratory monitor is useful for prevention of these conditions. A literature analysis showed that home cardiorespiratory monitoring has been considered a potential method to identify not only ALTE and BRUE but SIDS also. ALTE and BRUE are generally due to underlying conditions that are not detectable in SIDS infants. A true relationship between these conditions has never been demonstrated. Use of home cardiorespiratory monitor is not recommended for SIDS, whereas it could be suggested for children with previous ALTE or severe BRUE or who are at risk of the development of these conditions. However, use of home cardiorespiratory monitors assumes that family members know the advantages and limitations of these devices after adequate education and instruction in their use.
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Key Advances in Intensive Care and the Coronavirus Disease-19 Research and Practice Boost.
J Clin Med2022 Jun;11(12):. doi: 3370.
Mentzelopoulos Spyros D, Adamos George,
Abstract
Components of intensive care include resuscitation, cardiorespiratory stabilization, reversal of organ/system dysfunction or failure, treatment of the underlying pathology, weaning from external support of vital organs, and supportive interventions (e [...].
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Mice on Balb/C Background Have Less Severe Cardiorespiratory Phenotype and SGLT2 Over-Expression Compared to 129x1/SvJ and C57Bl/6 Backgrounds.
Int J Mol Sci2022 Jun;23(12):. doi: 6674.
Irion Camila I, Williams Monique, Capcha Jose Condor, Eisenberg Trevor, Lambert Guerline, Takeuchi Lauro M, Seo Grace, Yousefi Keyvan, Kanashiro-Takeuchi Rosemeire, Webster Keith A, Young Karen C, Hare Joshua M, Shehadeh Lina A,
Abstract
Alport syndrome (AS) is a hereditary renal disorder with no etiological therapy. In the preclinical model of AS, disease progression and severity vary depending on mouse strain. The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) is emerging as an attractive therapeutic target in cardiac/renal pathologies, but its application to AS remains untested. This study investigates cardiorespiratory function and SGLT2 renal expression in mice from three different genetic backgrounds, 129x1/SvJ, C57Bl/6 and Balb/C. male 129x1/SvJ mice displayed alterations consistent with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Female, but not male, C57Bl/6 and Balb/C mice exhibited mild changes in systolic and diastolic function of the heart by echocardiography. Male C57Bl/6 mice presented systolic dysfunction by invasive hemodynamic analysis. All strains except Balb/C males demonstrated alterations in respiratory function. SGLT2 expression was significantly increased in AS compared to WT mice from all strains. However, cardiorespiratory abnormalities and SGLT2 over-expression were significantly less in AS Balb/C mice compared to the other two strains. Systolic blood pressure was significantly elevated only in mutant 129x1/SvJ mice. The results provide further evidence for strain-dependent cardiorespiratory and hypertensive phenotype variations in mouse AS models, corroborated by renal SGLT2 expression, and support ongoing initiatives to develop SGLT2 inhibitors for the treatment of AS.
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The Mediating Effect of Physical Fitness and Dietary Intake on the Relationship of Physical Activity with Body Composition in High School Students.
Int J Environ Res Public Health2022 Jun;19(12):. doi: 7301.
Bento André, Carrasco Luis, Raimundo Armando,
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity (PA) and health-related physical fitness (PF) in adolescents and analyze if the associations of PA with body composition (BC) in adolescents are mediated by physical fitness or energy intake (EI). The participants were 236 adolescents (140 girls 16.1 ± 0.92 years). Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was assessed using the Yo-YoITL1, and the push-up test was used to evaluate strength. BCs were measured on an electrical weight scale. Triaxial accelerometers were used to determine PA levels and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) levels. EI was estimated with a validated questionnaire. Mediation effects were estimated using bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals and were deemed significant if zero was not included in the intervals. The mediation analysis revealed an indirect effect of MVPA only through PF on BC, specifically through CRF on body fat (B = -0.0146, 95% BootCI (-0.0219; -0.0076)) and on lean body mass (B = 0.0096, 95% BootCI (0.0049; 0.0152)), as well as through upper body strength on body fat (B = -0.012, 95% BootCI (-0.0171; -0.0072)) and on lean body mass (B = 0.0059, 95% BootCI (0.003; 0.0095)). These results suggest that PA of at least a moderate intensity is relevant to BC and health-related PF in adolescents, regardless of the EI.
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Factors Predicting Training Delays and Attrition of Recruits during Basic Military Training.
Int J Environ Res Public Health2022 Jun;19(12):. doi: 7271.
Tait Jamie L, Drain Jace R, Bulmer Sean, Gastin Paul B, Main Luana C,
Abstract
Ensuring a balance between training demands and recovery during basic military training (BMT) is necessary for avoiding maladaptive training responses (e.g., illness or injury). These can lead to delays in training completion and to training attrition. Previously identified predictors of injury and attrition during BMT include demographic and performance data, which are typically collected at a single time point. The aim of this study was to determine individual risk factors for injury and training delays from a suite of measures collected across BMT. A total of 46 male and female recruits undertaking the 12-week Australian Army BMT course consented to this study. Injury, illness, attrition, and demographic data were collected across BMT. Objective measures included salivary cortisol and testosterone, step counts, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscular endurance. Perceptions of well-being, recovery, workload, fatigue, and sleep were assessed with questionnaires. Baseline and mean scores across BMT were evaluated as predictors of injury and attrition using generalized linear regressions, while repeated-measures ANOVA was used for the group comparisons. From the 46 recruits, 36 recruits completed BMT on time; 10 were delayed in completion or discharged. Multiple risk factors for injury during BMT included higher subjective ratings of training load, fatigue, and stress, lower sleep quality, and higher cortisol concentrations. Higher ratings of depression, anxiety, and stress, and more injuries were associated with a higher risk of delayed completion. Higher concentrations of testosterone and higher levels of fitness upon entry to BMT were associated with reduced risk of injury and delayed completion of BMT. Ongoing monitoring with a suite of easily administered measures may have utility in forewarning risk of training maladaptation in recruits and may complement strategies to address previously identified demographic and performance-based risk factors to mitigate injury, training delays, and attrition.
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The Effect of Three-Year Swim Training on Cardio-Respiratory Fitness and Selected Somatic Features of Prepubertal Boys.
Int J Environ Res Public Health2022 Jun;19(12):. doi: 7125.
Zarzeczny Ryszard, Kuberski Mariusz, Suliga Edyta,
Abstract
The data regarding somatic and physiological effects of sport-related physical activities in youth are limited. Moreover, whether exercise training is capable of increasing cardio-respiratory fitness remains a disputable issue. The study undertook to assess the effect of swimming training on cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) and the development of physical traits in prepubertal boys, and to determine which of the traits is the best predictor of their CRF. Forty 10-year old prepubertal boys (10.5 ± 0.3 y) were divided into two groups (swimmers (SG), = 20, and controls (CG), = 20), which underwent anthropometric measurements and performed a 20 m shuttle run test (20 mSRT) semi-annually over a 3-year period. CRF indices (the number of 20 mSRT shuttles, maximal speed, and VOmax) were higher overall in the SG compared with the CG ( < 0.001). The values of the main physique variables increased faster in the CG, but the groups showed no differentiation of physical traits. In both groups, CRF indices were associated with the participants' physical traits, the most strongly with the sum of four skinfold thicknesses in the SG and knee breadth in the CG. These results suggest that swimming training is a form of additional physical activity that improves prepubertal boys' CRF but does not significantly affect their physical development. In using the 20 mSRT to assess the CRF of prepubertal boys, their physical activity level and age-related changes in body fatness need to be considered.
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Daily Life Patterns, Psychophysical Conditions, and Immunity of Adolescents in the COVID-19 Era: A Mixed Research with Qualitative Interviews by a Quasi-Experimental Retrospective Study.
Healthcare (Basel)2022 Jun;10(6):. doi: 1152.
Yu Ji-Eun, Eun Denny, Jee Yong-Seok,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
This study investigated the daily lifestyle changes, prevalence of psychological depression, physical health status, and immunity of adolescents in Korea resulting from increased isolation and social restriction due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
All subjects included 17-year-old male adolescents. A total of 117 subjects were assigned to one of four groups according to the degree of depression based on item #6 in the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) questionnaire as follows: no-depression group (NDG, = 71; 61.0%), low-depression group (LDG, = 23; 19.0%), moderate-depression group (MDG, = 15; 13.0%), and high-depression group (HDG, = 8; 7.0%). This study analyzed the data using quantitative and qualitative methods to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic affects adolescents' daily lives, psychophysiological conditions, and immune function.
RESULTS:
This study found that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affects the daily lifestyle pattern, psychophysical condition, and immunocytes of adolescents. In terms of depression, 39.0% of adolescents felt depressed, and 7% of them felt depressed almost every day. Overall, HDG considered themselves unhealthy and felt prone to immune diseases, such as colds. HDG were prone to sleep late, eat more frequently, and work out less. Regarding physical fitness factors, the cardiorespiratory endurance, strength, and power of HDG were significantly lower than those of NDG, LDG, and MDG. Moreover, HDG had the worst body composition, including the lowest muscle mass. Finally, natural killer (NK) cells and T cells were significantly different among groups, with the levels in HDG being significantly lower than those of the other three groups.
CONCLUSIONS:
Since the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affects the daily lives, psychophysical conditions, and immunocytes of adolescents, there is an urgent need to create and provide solutions to adolescents with depression though the number of subjects is few.
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Associations between Objectively Determined Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Health in Adult Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Biology (Basel)2022 Jun;11(6):. doi: 925.
Lu Yining, Wiltshire Huw D, Baker Julien S, Wang Qiaojun, Ying Shanshan, Li Jianshe, Lu Yichen,
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to qualitatively synthesize and quantitatively assess the evidence of the relationship between objectively determined volumes of physical activity (PA) and cardiometabolic health in women. Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane library) were searched and, finally, 24 eligible studies were included, with a total of 2105 women from eight countries. A correlational meta-analysis shows that moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) was favorably associated with high-density lipoprotein (r = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.25; = 0.002); however, there was limited evidence for the effects of most of the other cardiometabolic biomarkers recorded from steps, total physical activity, light- and moderate-intensity physical activity and MVPA. It is most compelling and consistent that being more physically active is beneficial to the metabolic syndrome. Overall, PA levels are low in adult women, suggesting that increasing the total volume of PA is more important than emphasizing the intensity and duration of PA. The findings also indicate that, according to the confounding effects of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness, meeting the minimal level of 150 min of moderate-intensity physical activity recommended is not enough to obtain a significant improvement in cardiometabolic indicators. Nonetheless, the high heterogeneity between studies inhibits robust conclusions.
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Gastrointestinal and Autonomic Symptoms-How to Improve the Diagnostic Process in Panayiotopoulos Syndrome?
Children (Basel)2022 May;9(6):. doi: 814.
Zontek Aneta, Paprocka Justyna,
Abstract
One of the most common epileptic disorders in the pediatric population is Panayiotopoulos syndrome. Clinical manifestations of this idiopathic illness include predominantly autonomic symptoms and dysfunction of the cardiorespiratory system. Another feature constitutes prolonged seizures that usually occur at sleep. It is crucial to differentiate the aforementioned disease from other forms of epilepsy, especially occipital and structural epilepsy and non-epileptic disorders. The diagnostic process is based on medical history, clinical examination, neuroimaging and electroencephalography-though results of the latter may be unspecific. Patients with Panayiotopoulos syndrome (PS) do not usually require treatment, as the course of the disease is, in most cases, mild, and the prognosis is good. The purpose of this review is to underline the role of central autonomic network dysfunction in the development of Panayiotopoulos syndrome, as well as the possibility of using functional imaging techniques, especially functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in the diagnostic process. These methods could be crucial for understanding the pathogenesis of PS. More data arerequired to create algorithms that will be able to predict the exposure to various complications of PS. It also concerns the importance of electroencephalography (EEG) as a tool to distinguish Panayiotopoulos syndrome from other childhood epileptic syndromes and non-epileptic disorders.
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Efficacy, efficiency and safety of a cardiac telerehabilitation programme using wearable sensors in patients with coronary heart disease: the TELEWEAR-CR study protocol.
BMJ Open2022 Jun;12(6):e059945. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059945.
Antoniou Varsamo, Xanthopoulos Andrew, Giamouzis Gregory, Davos Constantinos, Batalik Ladislav, Stavrou Vasileios, Gourgoulianis Konstantinos I, Kapreli Eleni, Skoularigis John, Pepera Garyfallia,
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a beneficial tool for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases with, however, low participation rates. Telerehabilitation, intergrading mobile technologies and wireless sensors may advance the cardiac patients' adherence. This study will investigate the efficacy, efficiency, safety and cost-effectiveness of a telerehabilitation programme based on objective exercise telemonitoring and evaluation of cardiorespiratory fitness.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS:
A supervised, parallel-group, single-blind randomised controlled trial will be conducted. A total of 124 patients with coronary disease will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio into two groups: intervention telerehabilitation group (TELE-CR) (n=62) and control centre-based cardiac rehabilitation group (CB-CR) (n=62). Participants will receive a 12-week exercise-based rehabilitation programme, remotely monitored for the TELE-CR group and standard supervised for the CB-CR group. All participants will perform aerobic training at 70% of their maximal heart rate, as obtained from cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) for 20?min plus 20?min for strengthening and balance training, three times per week. The primary outcomes will be the assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness, expressed as peak oxygen uptake assessed by the CPET test and the 6?min walk test. Secondary outcomes will be the physical activity, the safety of the exercise intervention (number of adverse events that may occur during the exercise), the quality of life, the training adherence, the anxiety and depression levels, the nicotine dependence and cost-effectiveness. Assessments will be held at baseline, end of intervention (12 weeks) and follow-up (36 weeks).
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION:
The study protocol has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Thessaly (1108/1-12-2021) and by the Ethics Committee of the General University Hospital of Larissa (3780/31-01-2022). The results of this study will be disseminated through manuscript publications and conference presentations.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER:
NCT05019157.
© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
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