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Pubblicazioni recenti - cardiac disease
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Melatonin and prolonged physical activity attenuated the detrimental effects of diabetic condition on murine cardiac tissue.
Tissue Cell2021 Jan;69():101486. doi: S0040-8166(21)00002-1.
Rahbarghazi Afshin, Siahkouhian Marefat, Rahbarghazi Reza, Ahmadi Mahdi, Bolboli Lotfali, Mahdipour Mahdi, Haghighi Leila, Hassanpour Mehdi, Sokouti Nasimi Fatemeh, Keyhanmanesh Rana,
Abstract
In this study, the combined effects of four-week swimming training and melatonin were examined on the oxidative response, inflammation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis capacity of cardiac tissue in the mouse model of diabetes. The mice were randomly allocated into five groups (n = 10 per group) as follows: Control; Diabetic group; Diabetic + Melatonin group; Diabetic + Exercise group; and Diabetic + Exercise + Melatonin group. 50 mg/kg streptozotocin was intraperitoneally administrated. In melatonin-treated groups, melatonin was injected intraperitoneally at 3 mg/kg body weight for four weeks and twice weekly. Swimming exercises were performed for four weeks. We measured cardiac superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase enzymes, malondialdehyde, and total antioxidant capacity. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-?, Caspase?3, Sirtuin1, and Connexin-43 was measured using real-time PCR analysis. The vascular density was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using CD31 and ?-smooth muscle actin antibodies. The combination of melatonin and exercise elevated cardiac superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase coincided with the reduction of malondialdehyde and increase of total antioxidant capacity as compared to the diabetic mice (p < 0.05). In Diabetic + Exercise + Melatonin mice, tumor necrosis factor-?, Caspase?3 was significantly down-regulated compared to the Diabetic group (p < 0.05). Melatonin and exercise suppressed the expression of Connexin-43 and Sirtuin1 in diabetic mice in comparison with the control mice (p < 0.05). H & E staining showed necrosis and focal hyperemia reduction in the Diabetic + Exercise + Melatonin group compared to the Diabetic group. Data showed a decrease of CD31 and ?-smooth muscle actin vessels in the Diabetic group as compared to the normal samples (p < 0.05). The number of CD31 vessels, but not ?-smooth muscle actin type, increased in the Diabetic + Exercise + Melatonin group compared to the Diabetic mice. These data demonstrated that exercise along with melatonin administration could diminish the detrimental effects of diabetes on cardiac tissue via using different mechanisms.
Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Cardiac disease in mitochondrial membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration (MPAN) due to variants in C19orf12.
Parkinsonism Relat Disord -
Predictive value of lower extremity color doppler ultrasonography before knee arthroplasty on a postoperative cardiovascular event.
Knee2021 Jan;28():266-272. doi: S0968-0160(20)30410-5.
Alt?nayak Harun, Balta Orhan,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The study intended to determine the presence of lower limb arterial calcification (LLAC) in lower extremity color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) before primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and its relation with cardiovascular events (CVE) during knee arthroplasty and the postoperative period, as well as to investigate its effect on surgical risk estimation.
METHODS:
We designed this study as a retrospective cohort study. The study comprised 467 patients who met the inclusion criteria and had surgery for a primary gonarthrosis diagnosis between January 2005 and December 2015 were included. In the study group, patients with arterial calcification in the lower extremity CDUS were included; however, those reported not to have it were included in the control group. The research data were obtained from preoperative anesthesia records and patient medical records.
RESULTS:
72% of the sample had preoperative cardiovascular comorbidity. There was no difference between the groups in terms of comorbidities, except for congestive heart failure (CHF) and peripheral artery disease (PAD). The groups did not differ in terms of ASA scores, either. Both pre- and post-operative CVEs, i.e., ischemic heart disease, dysrhythmia, and CHF, were statistically high in the study group. In terms of postoperative mortality, there was no statistical difference between the groups.
CONCLUSION:
The study demonstrates that the presence of LLAC in CDUS is associated with increased risk of perioperative cardiovascular events (CVEs). Ultrasonographic detection of LLAC may give some idea the surgeon about the requirement for additional preoperative cardiac examinations.
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Acute heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy exacerbated by systemic parechovirus-A1 infection in an infant.
Int J Infect Dis2021 Jan;():. doi: S1201-9712(21)00031-X.
Maki Shun, Aizawa Yuta, Ito Yuki, Suda Masashi, Saitoh Akihiko,
Abstract
Parechovirus-A1 (PeV-A1) often causes mild respiratory or gastrointestinal disease. Herein we report a case of acute heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) exacerbated by acute PeV-A1 infection in a 10-month-old infant. He presented to our hospital with acute respiratory distress and compensated shock. Echocardiogram showed a dilated left ventricle and severe mitral regurgitation, consistent with DCM. PeV-A1 infection was confirmed by 1) positive PCR for PeV-A in multiple anatomical sites including blood, stool, and throat swab samples, 2) genetic sequence of viral protein, and 3) an increase in paired serum PeV-A1-specific neutralizing antibody titers. A few, scattered case reports in infants and young children also indicate the association between myocarditis and/or DCM and PeV-A1 infection. In conclusion, PeV-A1 infection could be associated with exacerbation of myocardial diseases in infants and young children; thus PeV-A1 needs to be evaluated as a viral cause of such condition.
Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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Cardiovascular dysfunction in children exposed to preeclampsia during fetal life.
J Am Soc Echocardiogr2021 Jan;():. doi: S0894-7317(21)00012-2.
Hoodbhoy Zahra, Mohammed Nuruddin, Rozi Shafquat, Aslam Nadeem, Mohsin Shazia, Ashiqali Salima, Ali Hina, Sattar Saima, Chowdhury Devyani, Hasan Babar Sultan,
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
Keeping in view the Developmental Origin of Health and Disease hypothesis, this study aimed to assess differences in cardiac and vascular structure and function in children exposed to preeclampsia in-utero as compared to those of normotensive mothers. We hypothesized that children exposed to preeclampsia had altered cardiac and vascular structure and function as compared to the unexposed group.
METHODS:
This was a retrospective cohort study which included children between 2-10 years of age born to mothers with and without exposure to preeclampsia in-utero (n= 80 in each group). Myocardial morphology and function using echocardiogram and carotid intima-media thickness and pulse wave velocity were performed. Multivariable linear regression was used to compare preeclampsia exposed and non-exposed groups. Subgroup analysis to assess differences between early vs late onset preeclampsia was also performed.
RESULTS:
Forty one percent (n=33) mothers had early onset preeclampsia. Children in the exposed group had significantly higher prevalence of Stage 1 systolic and diastolic hypertension (22%, n=18 and 35%, n=18 respectively) as compared to the unexposed group (9%, n=7 and 19% n =15 respectively, p=0.01). Children in the exposed group also had higher pulse wave velocity as compared to unexposed group (0.42 +/- 0.1 vs 0.39 +/- 0.1, p=0.03). Subgroup analysis revealed that blood pressure and pulse wave velocity changes were primarily determined by early onset preeclampsia. There was no significant difference in cardiac morphology or systolic and diastolic function between the exposed and unexposed groups.
CONCLUSION:
In-utero exposure to preeclampsia has an effect on the vascular function in children aged 2-10 years, primarily related to early onset disease. Routine blood pressure screening should be recommended for such children.
Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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Implication of cation-proton antiporters (CPA) in human health and diseases causing microorganisms.
Biochimie2021 Jan;():. doi: S0300-9084(21)00006-7.
Dwivedi Manish, Shaw Anshu,
Abstract
Cation and protons perform a substantial role in all the organism and its homeostasis within the cells are maintained by the cation-proton antiporters (CPAs). CPA is the huge family of the membrane transporter protein throughout the plant and animal kingdom including microorganism. In human, any malfunctioning of these proteins may lead to severe diseases like hypertension, heart diseases etc and CPAs are recently proposed to be responsible for the virulent property of various pathogens including Vibrio cholerae, Yersinia pestis etc. Human Sodium-Proton exchangers (Na/H exchangers, NHEs) are crucial in ion homeostasis whereas Ec-NhaA, Na + -H + Antiporters maintain a balance of Na+ and proton in E. coli, regulating pH and cell volume within the cell. These Sodium-Proton antiporters are found to be responsible for the virulence in various pathogens causing human diseases. Understanding of these CPAs may assist investigators to target such human diseases, that further may lead to establishing the effective path for therapeutics or drug designing against associated human disease. Here we have compiled all such information on CPAs and provide a systematic approach to unravel the mechanism and role of antiporter proteins in a wide range of organisms. Being involved throughout all the species, this review on cation-proton antiporters may attract the attention of many investigators and concerned researchers and will be provided with the recent detailed information on the role of CPA in human health.
Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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Perioperative high-density lipoproteins, oxidative stress, and kidney injury after cardiac surgery.
J Lipid Res2021 Jan;():100024. doi: S0022-2275(21)00004-3.
Smith Loren E, Smith Derek K, Yancey Patricia G, Kon Valentina, Remaley Alan T, Billings Frederic T, Linton MacRae F,
Abstract
Oxidative stress promotes acute kidney injury (AKI). Higher concentrations of HDL cholesterol are associated with less AKI. To test the hypothesis that HDL antioxidant activity is associated with AKI after cardiac surgery, we quantified HDL particle size and number, paraoxonase-1 activity, and isofuran concentrations in 75 patients who developed AKI and 75 matched control patients. Higher preoperative concentrations of HDL particles were associated with lower odds of AKI (OR: 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71-0.91; p=0.001), higher paraoxonase-1 activity (R=0.36, p<0.001), and lower plasma concentrations of isofurans immediately after surgery (p=0.02). Similarly, higher preoperative small HDL particle concentrations were associated with less AKI, higher paraoxonase-1 activity, and lower isofuran concentrations. Circulating HDL particle concentrations changed rapidly during the perioperative period. Higher intraoperative particle losses were associated with lower odds of AKI (OR: 0.79; 95% CI 0.67-0.93; p=0.005), and increased paraoxonase-1 activity strengthened this association (p=0.006). Intraoperative particle loss was also associated with decreased postoperative isofuran concentrations (p=0.04). Additionally, higher preoperative small HDL particle concentrations and increased intraoperative small particle loss were associated with improved renal function 3-12 months after surgery (p=0.003, 0.01, respectively). In conclusion, a higher preoperative concentration of HDL particles, particularly small particles, is associated with lower oxidative damage and less AKI. Perioperative changes in HDL particle concentrations are also associated with AKI. Small HDL particles may represent a novel modifiable risk factor for AKI.
Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Cooking Stoves and Risk of Birth Defects in Urban China.
Environ Res2021 Jan;():110731. doi: S0013-9351(21)00025-6.
Zhang Yaqun, Qiu Jie, Zhou Min, He Xiaochun, Cui Hongmei, Xu Xiaoying, Lv Ling, Lin Xiaojuan, Zhang Chong, Zhang Honghong, Xu Ruifeng, Yi Bin, Mao Baohong, Huang Huang, Jin Lan, Zhuo Haoran, Sun Peiyuan, Liu Qing, Zhang Yawei,
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
Birth defects are a leading cause of infant death. Pregnant women spend a large amount of time indoors, and little research from population-based studies has investigated the association between indoor air pollution and birth defects. We aimed to examine whether using coal, biomass, or electromagnetic stoves for cooking is associated with risk of birth defects compared to using gas stoves.
METHODS:
A birth cohort study was conducted from 2010-2012 in Lanzhou, China. Cases (n=264) were singleton births with birth defects, which were defined as abnormalities of structure or function, including metabolism, presented at birth based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes. Controls (n=9,926) were defined as singleton live births without birth defects. Unconditional logistic regression models were employed to estimate the association adjusting for confounding variables.
RESULTS:
Compared to gas stoves for cooking, biomass (OR=2.66, 95%CI: 1.38-5.13), and electromagnetic stove (OR=1.90, 95%CI: 1.26-2.88) for cooking were associated with an increased risk of birth defects. The significant associations remained among non-congenital heart disease (CHD) defects but not CHDs.
CONCLUSIONS:
Using biomass or electromagnetic stoves for cooking during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of birth defects. Additional studies are warranted to confirm these novel findings. Studies with larger sample size or greater statistical power are also warranted to better estimate the associations for individual birth defects.
Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Kawasaki disease for the pediatric dermatologist: Skin manifestations and new insights into the pathophysiology.
Clin Exp Dermatol2021 Jan;():. doi: 10.1111/ced.14558.
Piram M, Burns J C,
Abstract
Early diagnosis of Kawasaki (KD) disease is critical to promptly initiate treatment and avoid cardiac complications. All children have fever accompanied by clinical signs with 4 of the 5 classific criteria for complete KD being mucocutaneous, thus creating an important role for dermatologists. Moreover, dermatologists must be familiar with other dermatological findings, not included in the American Heart Association classification criteria, which can support the diagnosis particularly in incomplete forms of the disease. We review herein skin manifestations described in KD and perform an overview of pathophysiological advances and new treatments.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Late effects in survivors treated for lymphoma as adolescents and young adults: a population-based analysis.
J Cancer Surviv2021 Jan;():. doi: 10.1007/s11764-020-00976-7.
Lo Andrea C, Chen Ben, Samuel Vanessa, Savage Kerry J, Freeman Ciara, Goddard Karen,
Abstract
PURPOSE:
The study objective is to describe and quantify the incidence of treatment-induced late effects in AYA lymphoma patients.
METHODS:
Consecutive patients diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) at 15-24 years of age were identified. All patients in British Columbia who received radiation therapy (RT) from 1974 to 2014 with ??5-year survival post-RT were included. Late effects' analyses included only survivors who received RT to the relevant anatomical site(s) and/or relevant chemotherapy, and were reported as cumulative incidence (CI) ± standard error.
RESULTS:
Three hundred and five patients were identified (74% HL). Median age of diagnosis was 21 years. Median follow-up was 19.1 years for secondary malignancy and 7.2 years for other endpoints. Hypothyroidism was the most prevalent late effect, with a CI of 22.4?±?2.8% and 35.1?±?4% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. CI of in-field secondary malignancy was 0.4?±?0.4% at 10 years and 2.8?±?1.2% at 20 years. CI of symptomatic pulmonary toxicity was 4.6?±?1.5% and 6.8?±?2.0% at 5 and 10 years, respectively, and was higher in patients receiving multiple RT courses (p?=?0.009). Esophageal complications occurred at a CI of 1.4?±?0.8% at 5 years and 2.2?±?1.1% at 10 years. CI of xerostomia/dental decay was 2.6?±?1.3% at 5 years and 4.9?±?2.1% at 10 years. CI of cardiac disease was at 2.3?±?0.9% at 5 years and 4.4?±?1.5% at 10 years. CI of infertility was 6.5?±?1.6% at 5 years and 9.4?±?2.1% at 10 years.
CONCLUSION:
Survivors of AYA lymphoma have a high incidence and diverse presentation of late effects.
IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS:
AYA lymphoma survivors should be educated about their risks of late effects and offered screening and follow-up when appropriate.
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The multiple faces of autoimmune/immune-mediated myocarditis in children: a biopsy-proven case series treated with immunosuppressive therapy.
ESC Heart Fail2021 Jan;():. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.13163.
Marcolongo Renzo, Rizzo Stefania, Cerutti Alessia, Reffo Elena, Castaldi Biagio, Baritussio Anna, Basso Cristina, Di Salvo Giovanni, Caforio Alida L P,
Abstract
The role of immunosuppressive therapy (IT) in paediatric autoimmune/immune-mediated myocarditis remains poorly defined. To explore its role, we present a series of three consecutive paediatric patients with biopsy-proven, virus negative, autoimmune/immune-mediated myocarditis, with distinct clinical and pathological features, who have been successfully treated with IT, a 14-year-old boy with Loeffler's fibroblastic parietal endomyocarditis, a 6-year-old child with celiac disease with chronic active lymphocytic myocarditis, and a 13-year-old boy with long-standing heart failure and active lymphocytic myocarditis. Patients started IT and entered follow-up between July 2017 and September 2019; the first patient completed IT. IT was associated with a substantial and sustained recovery of cardiac function in our patients, regardless of their heterogeneous clinical and pathological features. Combination IT was well tolerated and enabled tapering and weaning off steroids.
© 2020 The Authors. ESC Heart Failure published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Society of Cardiology.
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Factors determining acceptance of disease and its impact on satisfaction with life of patients with peripheral artery disease.
Nurs Open2021 Jan;():. doi: 10.1002/nop2.758.
Piotrkowska Renata, Terech-Skóra Sylwia, M?drzycka-D?browska Wioletta, Jarzynkowski Piotr, Król Magdalena,
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:
Analysis of factors determining acceptance of disease and satisfaction with life in patients with peripheral artery disease.
BACKGROUND:
Peripheral artery disease is more common in older patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases and the risk of amputation. The acceptance of disease is one of the most important factors for adjusting to life with a chronic disease.
DESIGN:
A cross-sectional survey study. Patients' questionnaires.
METHOD:
The participants were patients with peripheral artery disease (N = 72). The study included the use the standardized research tools the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS).
RESULTS:
The highest acceptance of disease was observed for patients with higher education, while the lowest was found for patients with the greatest limitation of physical mobility.
CONCLUSIONS:
The education level and physical fitness of patients had significant impact on disease acceptance.
© 2020 The Authors. Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Phenotype and Natural History of Children With Coexistent Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Celiac Disease.
Inflamm Bowel Dis2021 Jan;():. doi: izaa360.
Bramuzzo Matteo, Lionetti Paolo, Miele Erasmo, Romano Claudio, Arrigo Serena, Cardile Sabrina, Di Nardo Giovanni, Illiceto Maria Teresa, Pastore Maria, Felici Enrico, Fuoti Maurizio, Banzato Claudia, Citrano Michele, Congia Mauro, Norsa Lorenzo, Pozzi Elena, Zuin Giovanna, Agrusti Anna, Bianconi Martina, Grieco Claudia, Giudici Fabiola, Aloi Marina, Alvisi Patrizia,
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Adult patients with both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and celiac disease (CeD) have peculiar phenotypic features. This study aimed at describing the characteristics and natural history of children with both IBD and CeD.
METHODS:
This was a case-control study based on a national registry. Cases included children diagnosed with both IBD and CeD. Two matched IBD controls without CeD, and 2 matched CeD controls were selected for each case. Inflammatory bowel disease phenotype and natural history, comprising growth and pubertal development, were compared between groups.
RESULTS:
Forty-nine (1.75%) patients with IBD and CeD were identified out of 2800 patients with IBD. Compared with patients with IBD alone, patients with IBD and CeD presented more frequently with autoimmune diseases (odds ratio, 2.81; 95% CI, 0.97-8.37; P = 0.04). Ileocolonic localization (46.1% vs 73.1%), treatment with azathioprine (46.2% vs 71.2%), and anti-TNF biologics (46.2% vs 69.2%) were less common in patients with Crohn's disease and CeD than in patients with Crohn's disease alone. Patients with ulcerative colitis and CeD had an increased risk of colectomy despite similar medical treatments compared with patients with ulcerative colitis alone (13.0% vs 0%). Pubertal delay was more common in patients with IBD and CeD compared with patients with IBD alone (14.9% vs 3.2%; odds artio, 5.24; 95% CI, 1.13-33.0; P = 0.02) and CeD alone (14.9% vs 1.1%; P = 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS:
Children with IBD and CeD may have peculiar features with a higher risk for autoimmune diseases, colectomy, and pubertal delay compared with IBD alone.
© 2021 Crohn?s & Colitis Foundation. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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Upregulation of miR-144-3p protects myocardial function from ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibition of TMEM16A Ca-activated chloride channel.
Hum Cell2021 Jan;():. doi: 10.1007/s13577-020-00482-z.
Yang Guoxun, Tang Xiao, Tan Ling, Nong Danpeng, Yang Peng, Ning Haien,
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a major cause of acute cardiac injury that is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and for which specific treatments are lacking. In this study, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanism of miR-144-3p in the pathological process of MIRI. A mouse I/R injury model and H9c2 cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model were used to simulate the ischemia/reperfusion process in vivo and in vitro, respectively, and the relative expression and regulatory effect of miR-144-3p were determined. The target of miR-144-3p was also verified by a luciferase reporter assay. We found that miR-144-3p was significantly downregulated in mouse myocardium subjected to I/R and cardiomyocytes subjected to H/R. Upregulation of miR-144-3p significantly attenuated MIRI in vivo and in vitro. A Ca-activated chloride channel-TMEM16A (ANO1)-was identified as a target gene of miR-144-3p through bioinformatic analysis. The interaction between miR-144-3p and the 3'-untranslated region of ANO1 was confirmed with dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis. Moreover, by targeting ANO1, miR-144-3p inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome inflammatory signals in myocardial cells. Collectively, the present study provides a novel insight into the role of miR-144-3p in the inhibition of MIRI, suggesting that the miR-144-3p/ANO1 axis may be a putative therapeutic target in myocardial ischemia.
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Hydroxychloroquine in the post-COVID-19 era: will this pandemic upset decades of clinical practice?
Clin Rheumatol2021 Jan;():. doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05572-9.
Pothen Lucie, Yildiz Halil, Samnick Mathilde Mbouck, Yombi Jean Cyr,
Abstract
In the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, Belgian health authorities endorsed the interim guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia: hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) recommended for treatment of hospitalized patients with moderate to severe disease. As a growing number of patients were admitted, inevitably, our internal medicine team questioned the efficacy and safety of HCQ, especially with regard to cardiac side effects. In parallel with our concerns, data regarding the safety and efficacy of HCQ were published, with discordant results and debate in the medical community. Media coverage of the possible risks and benefits of HCQ use in COVID-19 also caused confusion amongst the public. In this Perspectives in Rheumatology article, we review the use and safety of HCQ in autoimmune disease and its putative efficacy and toxicity in COVID-19. Finally, we share our concern about the future of this widely used and inexpensive drug after the COVID-19 pandemic has passed.
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Practical recommendations for the diagnosis and management of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis.
Heart Fail Rev2021 Jan;():. doi: 10.1007/s10741-020-10062-w.
Bistola Vasiliki, Parissis John, Foukarakis Emmanouil, Valsamaki Pipitsa N, Anastasakis Aris, Koutsis Georgios, Efthimiadis Georgios, Kastritis Efstathios,
Abstract
Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is an infiltrative restrictive cardiomyopathy caused by accumulation in the heart interstitium of amyloid fibrils formed by misfolded proteins. Most common CA types are light chain amyloidosis (AL) caused by monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains and transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) caused by either mutated or wild-type transthyretin aggregates. Previously considered a rare disease, CA is increasingly recognized among patients who may be misdiagnosed as undifferentiated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF), paradoxical low-flow/low-gradient aortic stenosis, or otherwise unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy. Progress in diagnosis has been due to the refinement of cardiac echocardiographic techniques (speckle tracking imaging) and magnetic resonance (T1 mapping) and mostly due to the advent of bone scintigraphy that has enabled noninvasive diagnosis of ATTR, limiting the need for endomyocardial biopsy. Importantly, proper management of CA starts from early recognition of suspected cases among high prevalence populations, followed by advanced diagnostic evaluation to confirm diagnosis and typing, preferentially in experienced amyloidosis centers. Differentiating ATTR from other types of amyloidosis, especially AL, is critical. Emerging targeted ATTR therapies offer the potential to improve outcomes of these patients previously treated only palliatively.
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Structural basis for placental malaria mediated by Plasmodium falciparum VAR2CSA.
Nat Microbiol2021 Jan;():. doi: 10.1038/s41564-020-00858-9.
Ma Rui, Lian Tengfei, Huang Rick, Renn Jonathan P, Petersen Jennifer D, Zimmerberg Joshua, Duffy Patrick E, Tolia Niraj H,
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum VAR2CSA binds to chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) on the surface of the syncytiotrophoblast during placental malaria. This interaction facilitates placental sequestration of malaria parasites resulting in severe health outcomes for both the mother and her offspring. Furthermore, CSA is presented by diverse cancer cells and specific targeting of cells by VAR2CSA may become a viable approach for cancer treatment. In the present study, we determined the cryo-electron microscopy structures of the full-length ectodomain of VAR2CSA from P. falciparum strain NF54 in complex with CSA, and VAR2CSA from a second P. falciparum strain FCR3. The architecture of VAR2CSA is composed of a stable core flanked by a flexible arm. CSA traverses the core domain by binding within two channels and CSA binding does not induce major conformational changes in VAR2CSA. The CSA-binding elements are conserved across VAR2CSA variants and are flanked by polymorphic segments, suggesting immune selection outside the CSA-binding sites. This work provides paths for developing interventions against placental malaria and cancer.
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Author Correction: Suppression of a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in the Italian municipality of Vo'.
Nature2021 Jan;():. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2956-7.
Lavezzo Enrico, Franchin Elisa, Ciavarella Constanze, Cuomo-Dannenburg Gina, Barzon Luisa, Del Vecchio Claudia, Rossi Lucia, Manganelli Riccardo, Loregian Arianna, Navarin Nicolň, Abate Davide, Sciro Manuela, Merigliano Stefano, De Canale Ettore, Vanuzzo Maria Cristina, Besutti Valeria, Saluzzo Francesca, Onelia Francesco, Pacenti Monia, Parisi Saverio G, Carretta Giovanni, Donato Daniele, Flor Luciano, Cocchio Silvia, Masi Giulia, Sperduti Alessandro, Cattarino Lorenzo, Salvador Renato, Nicoletti Michele, Caldart Federico, Castelli Gioele, Nieddu Eleonora, Labella Beatrice, Fava Ludovico, Drigo Matteo, Gaythorpe Katy A M, , Brazzale Alessandra R, Toppo Stefano, Trevisan Marta, Baldo Vincenzo, Donnelly Christl A, Ferguson Neil M, Dorigatti Ilaria, Crisanti Andrea,
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PMCA4 inhibition does not affect cardiac remodelling following myocardial infarction, but may reduce susceptibility to arrhythmia.
Sci Rep2021 Jan;11(1):1518. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-81170-2.
Stafford Nicholas, Zi Min, Baudoin Florence, Mohamed Tamer M A, Prehar Sukhpal, De Giorgio Daria, Cartwright Elizabeth J, Latini Roberto, Neyses Ludwig, Oceandy Delvac,
Abstract
Ischaemic heart disease is the world's leading cause of mortality. Survival rates from acute myocardial infarction (MI) have improved in recent years; however, this has led to an increase in the prevalence of heart failure (HF) due to chronic remodelling of the infarcted myocardium, for which treatment options remain poor. We have previously shown that inhibition of isoform 4 of the plasma membrane calcium ATPase (PMCA4) prevents chronic remodelling and HF development during pressure overload, through fibroblast mediated Wnt signalling modulation. Given that Wnt signalling also plays a prominent role during remodelling of the infarcted heart, this study investigated the effect of genetic and functional loss of PMCA4 on cardiac outcomes following MI. Neither genetic deletion nor pharmacological inhibition of PMCA4 affected chronic remodelling of the post-MI myocardium. This was the case when PMCA4 was deleted globally, or specifically from cardiomyocytes or fibroblasts. PMCA4-ablated hearts were however less prone to acute arrhythmic events, which may offer a slight survival benefit. Overall, this study demonstrates that PMCA4 inhibition does not affect chronic outcomes following MI.
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Trends in mortality rate in patients with congenital heart disease undergoing noncardiac surgical procedures at children's hospitals.
Sci Rep2021 Jan;11(1):1543. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-81161-3.
Nasr Viviane G, Staffa Steven J, Faraoni David, DiNardo James A,
Abstract
Advances made in pediatric cardiology, cardiac surgery and critical care have significantly improved the survival rate of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) leading to an increase in children with CHD presenting for noncardiac surgical procedures. This study aims (1) to describe the trend and perioperative mortality rates in patients with CHD undergoing noncardiac surgical procedures at children's hospitals over the past 5 years and (2) to describe the patient characteristics and the most common type of surgical procedures. The Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) is an administrative database that contains inpatient, observation, and outpatient surgical data from 52 freestanding children's hospitals. Thirty-nine of the 52 hospitals submitted data on all types of patient encounters for the duration of the study from 2015 to 2019. The total numbers of non-cardiac surgical encounters among patients with history of a CHD diagnosis significantly increased each year from 38,272 in 2015 to 45,993 in 2019 (P?
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