Garascia Dott. Andrea

Pubblicazioni su PubMed

• Post-discharge arrhythmic risk stratification of patients with acute myocarditis and life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
  Eur J Heart Fail

  2021 Jul;():. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.2288.
  
  Gentile Piero, Merlo Marco, Peretto Giovanni, Ammirati Enrico, Sala Simone, Della Bella Paolo, Aquaro Giovanni Donato, Imazio Massimo, Potena Luciano, Campodonico Jeness, Foà Alberto, Raafs Anne, Hazebroek Mark, Brambatti Michela, Cercek Andreja Cerne, Nucifora Gaetano, Shrivastava Sanskriti, Huang Florent, Schmidt Matthieu, Muser Daniele, Van de Heyning Caroline M, Van Craenenbroeck Emeline, Aoki Tatsuo, Sugimura Koichiro, Shimokawa Hiroaki, Cannatà Antonio, Artico Jessica, Porcari Aldostefano, Colopi Marzia, Perkan Andrea, Bussani Rossana, Barbati Giulia, Garascia Andrea, Cipriani Manlio, Agostoni Piergiuseppe, Pereira Naveen, Heymans Stephane, Adler Eric D, Camici Paolo Guido, Frigerio Maria, Sinagra Gianfranco
  
  Abstract
  
  AIMS:
  The outcomes of patients presenting with acute myocarditis and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias (LT-VA) are unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and predictors of recurrent major arrhythmic events (MAEs) after hospital discharge in this patient population.
  
  METHODS AND RESULTS:
  We retrospectively analysed 156 patients (median age 44?years; 77% male) discharged with a diagnosis of acute myocarditis and LT-VA from 16 hospitals worldwide. Diagnosis of myocarditis was based on histology or the combination of increased markers of cardiac injury and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) Lake Louise criteria. MAEs were defined as the relapse, after discharge, of sudden cardiac death or successfully defibrillated ventricular fibrillation, or sustained ventricular tachycardia (sVT) requiring implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy or synchronized external cardioversion. Median follow-up was 23?months [first to third quartile (Q1-Q3) 7-60]. Fifty-eight (37.2%) patients experienced MAEs after discharge, at a median of 8 months (Q1-Q3 2.5-24.0 months; 60.3% of MAEs within the first year). At multivariable Cox analysis, variables independently associated with MAEs were presentation with sVT [hazard ratio (HR) 2.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.38-6.11]; late gadolinium enhancement involving ?2 myocardial segments (HR 4.51, 95% CI 2.39-8.53), and absence of positive short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) (HR 2.59, 95% CI 1.40-4.79) at first CMR.
  
  CONCLUSIONS:
  Among patients discharged with a diagnosis of myocarditis and LT-VA, 37.2% had recurrences of MAEs during follow-up. Initial CMR pattern and sVT at presentation stratify the risk of arrhythmia recurrence.
  
  © 2021 European Society of Cardiology.
  
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• Long-term administration of intravenous inotropes in advanced heart failure.
  ESC Heart Fail

  2021 Jun;():. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.13394.
  
  Gentile Piero, Marini Claudia, Ammirati Enrico, Perna Enrico, Saponara Gianluigi, Garascia Andrea, D'Angelo Luciana, Verde Alessandro, Foti Grazia, Masciocco Gabriella, Frigerio Maria, Cipriani Manlio
  
  Abstract
  
  BACKGROUND:
  Patients in heart transplantation (HTx) waiting list for advanced heart failure (HF) are susceptible to acute deterioration refractory to standard HF medical therapies. Limited data are available on long-term in-hospital continuous intravenous (IV) inotropic therapy as bridge to definite therapies.
  
  METHODS AND RESULTS:
  We reviewed medical records of all heart transplant recipients treated in the pre-HTx phase with in-hospital continuous IV inotropes at our institution between 2012 and 2018. We analysed data before the beginning of continuous IV therapy and at the moment of HTx. We report data of 24 patients (mean age of 43.5 ± 15.7 years) treated with IV inotropes as bridge to HTx (median follow-up of 28 months after HTx). The main length of IV inotropic therapy was 84 ± 66 days (min 22; max 264 days). At the beginning, the most frequently used inotrope was dopamine (median dosage of 3 mcg/kg/min, interquartile range 2.5-3.75), alone (n = 11, 46%) or in combination with other inotropes (n = 13, 54%). In 18 patients, the class of inotropes was changed during the hospitalization. We registered a progressive improvement of perfusion markers and neuro-hormonal activation.
  
  CONCLUSION:
  In-hospital continuous parenteral inotropic therapy may serve as a temporary pharmacological bridge to HTx in patients with advanced HF that are actively listed to HTx with good reply in terms of prognosis and perfusion markers.
  
  © 2021 The Authors. ESC Heart Failure published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Society of Cardiology.
  
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• Prevalence and outcome of patients with acute myocarditis and positive viral search on nasopharyngeal swab.
  Eur J Heart Fail

  2021 07;23(7):1242-1245. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.2247.
  
  Ammirati Enrico, Varrenti Marisa, Veronese Giacomo, Fanti Diana, Nava Alice, Cipriani Manlio, Pedrotti Patrizia, Garascia Andrea, Bottiroli Maurizio, Oliva Fabrizio, Bramerio Manuela, Veronese Silvio, Giannattasio Cristina, Bonoldi Emanuela, Perno Carlo F, Camici Paolo G, Frigerio Maria
  
  
  
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• Nonresponse to Acute Vasodilator Challenge and Prognosis in Heart Failure With Pulmonary Hypertension.
  J Card Fail

  2021 Aug;27(8):869-876. doi: S1071-9164(21)00049-X.
  
  Ghio Stefano, Crimi Gabriele, Houston Brian, Montalto Claudio, Garascia Andrea, Boffini Massimo, Temporelli Pier Luigi, La Rovere Maria Teresa, Pacileo Giuseppe, Panneerselvam Kavin, Santolamazza Caterina, D'angelo Luciana, Moschella Martina, Scelsi Laura, Marro Matteo, Masarone Daniele, Ameri Pietro, Rinaldi Mauro, Guazzi Marco, D'alto Michele, Tedford Ryan J
  
  Abstract
  
  BACKGROUND:
  An acute vasodilator challenge is recommended in patients with heart failure and pulmonary hypertension during heart transplant evaluation. The aim of the study was to assess which hemodynamic parameters are associated with nonresponsiveness to the challenge.
  
  METHODS AND RESULTS:
  This study is a retrospective analysis of 402 patients with heart failure with pulmonary hypertension who underwent right heart catheterization and a pulmonary vasodilator challenge. Among the 140 who fulfilled the transplant guidelines eligibility criteria for the vasodilator challenge, 38 were responders and 102 nonresponders. At multivariable analysis, a diastolic blood pressure of 5 Woods units, and pulmonary artery compliance of
  CONCLUSIONS:
  In patients with heart failure and pulmonary hypertension, low pulmonary arterial compliance, high pulmonary vascular resistance, and low diastolic blood pressure predict the nonresponsiveness to acute vasodilator challenge whilst a poor right ventricular function predicts a dismal prognosis.
  
  Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
  
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• Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Complicated by Pulmonary Hypertension.
  Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets

  2021 ;21(3):561-565. doi: 10.2174/1871530320666200801033106.
  
  Disoteo Olga E, Zampetti Benedetta, Garascia Andrea, Attanasio Roberto, Cozzi Renato
  
  Abstract
  
  A 24-years old female was admitted for acute renal failure, melanoderma, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia. The clinical suspicion of Addison's disease was confirmed by laboratory test and the appropriate replacement therapy with corticosteroids and fludrocortisone was started. In the meantime primary hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus type 1 were disclosed and treated, thus fulfilling a diagnosis of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2. Eighteen months later she was admitted for right-sided heart failure. The work-up allowed to diagnose pulmonary arterial hypertension. Here, we report the clinical course and discuss the putative link between these two rare diseases.
  
  Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.
  
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• [Proposal for a standardized discharge letter after hospital stay for acute pulmonary embolism].
  G Ital Cardiol (Rome)

  2020 Aug;21(8):607-618. doi: 10.1714/3405.33895.
  
  Vatrano Marco, Picariello Claudio, Enea Iolanda, Roncon Loris, Caravita Sergio, De Tommasi Elisabetta, Imbalzano Egidio, Garascia Andrea, Manes Maria Teresa, Misuraca Leonardo, Urbinati Stefano, Colivicchi Furio, Gulizia Michele Massimo, Gabrielli Domenico
  
  Abstract
  
  Pulmonary embolism represents the third leading cause of cardiovascular mortality in developed countries. It requires, in most cases, hospital treatment and always a structured follow-up program. Therefore, at the time of discharge, the communication and the transfer of information from the specialist to the general practitioner, through the discharge letter, represents a crucial opportunity. The aim is to improve the quality of the transmitted content, including information regarding initial assessment, procedures during hospitalization, residual risks, discharge treatments, therapeutic goals and follow-up plan in accordance with the latest guidelines. The discharge letter after hospitalization for pulmonary embolism must include personalized information, especially regarding the anticoagulant regimen in the specific onset setting. Finally, the follow-up program should be accurately described. A standardized discharge letter template, accompanied by some final notes addressed to the general practitioner and patient, could represent a useful tool to improve the quality and time of transmission of information between health professionals after pulmonary embolism.
  
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• [ANMCO Position paper: Pulmonary circulation diseases and COVID-19].
  G Ital Cardiol (Rome)

  2020 Aug;21(8):575-583. doi: 10.1714/3405.33888.
  
  Picariello Claudio, Caravita Sergio, Vatrano Marco, Enea Iolanda, Roncon Loris, De Tommasi Elisabetta, Imbalzano Egidio, Garascia Andrea, Manes Maria Teresa, Misuraca Leonardo, Urbinati Stefano, Colivicchi Furio, Gulizia Michele Massimo, Gabrielli Domenico,
  
  Abstract
  
  The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is causing hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide, is complex and can present with a multi-organ localization. One of its worst complications is an interstitial pneumonia with acute respiratory failure also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which requires non-invasive or invasive ventilation. A severe coagulopathy with poor prognosis is found in 5-10% of cases. SARS-CoV-2 is manifesting as a multi-dimensional disease and, recently, unique co-existing pathophysiological and clinical aspects are being defined: (i) an increased immune and inflammatory response with the activation of a cytokine storm and consequent coagulopathy, which promote both venous thromboembolic events and in situ thrombosis localized in small arterioles and pulmonary alveolar capillaries; (ii) a high intrapulmonary shunt, which often accounts for the severity of respiratory failure, due to reduced hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction with pulmonary neo-angiogenetic phenomena. Furthermore, the high incidence of venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit and the autoptic findings of in situ micro-thrombosis at the pulmonary vascular level, suggest that in this disease coagulopathy, unlike septic disseminated intravascular coagulation, is driven towards a hyper-thrombogenic state, giving rise to a debate (with ongoing studies) about the preventive use of anticoagulant doses of heparin to reduce mortality. The aim of this position paper from the Italian Association of Hospital Cardiologists (ANMCO) is to highlight the main implications that COVID-19 infection has on the pulmonary circulation from a pathophysiological, clinical and management point of view.
  
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• Update on acute myocarditis.
  Trends Cardiovasc Med

  2021 08;31(6):370-379. doi: S1050-1738(20)30079-7.
  
  Ammirati Enrico, Veronese Giacomo, Bottiroli Maurizio, Wang Dao Wen, Cipriani Manlio, Garascia Andrea, Pedrotti Patrizia, Adler Eric D, Frigerio Maria
  
  Abstract
  
  Acute myocarditis (AM), a recent-onset inflammation of the heart, has heterogeneous clinical presentations, varying from minor symptoms to high-risk cardiac conditions with severe heart failure, refractory arrhythmias, and cardiogenic shock. AM is moving from being a definitive diagnosis based on histological evidence of inflammatory infiltrates on cardiac tissue to a working diagnosis supported by high sensitivity troponin increase in association with specific cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) findings. Though experts still diverge between those advocating for histological definition versus those supporting a mainly clinical definition of myocarditis, in the real-world practice the diagnosis of AM has undoubtedly shifted from being mainly biopsy-based to solely CMRI-based in most of clinical scenarios. It is thus important to clearly define selected settings where EMB is a must, as information derived from histology is essential for an optimal management. As in other medical conditions, a risk-based approach should be promoted in order to identify the most severe AM cases requiring appropriate bundles of care, including early recognition, transfer to tertiary centers, aggressive circulatory supports with inotropes and mechanical devices, histologic confirmation and eventual immunosuppressive therapy. Despite improvements in recognition and treatment of AM, including a broader use of promising mechanical circulatory supports, severe forms of AM are still burdened by dismal outcomes. This review is focused on recent clinical studies and registries that shed new insights on AM. Attention will be paid to contemporary outcomes and predictors of prognosis, the emerging entity of immune checkpoint inhibitors-associated myocarditis, updated CMRI diagnostic criteria, new data on the use of temporary mechanical circulatory supports in fulminant myocarditis. The role of viruses as etiologic agents will be reviewed and a brief update on pediatric AM is also provided. Finally, we summarize a risk-based approach to AM, based on available evidence and clinical experience.
  
  Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Inc.
  
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• Fulminant myocarditis triggered by OC43 subtype coronavirus: a disease deserving evidence-based care bundles.
  J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)

  2020 07;21(7):529-531. doi: 10.2459/JCM.0000000000000989.
  
  Veronese Giacomo, Cipriani Manlio, Bottiroli Maurizio, Garascia Andrea, Mondino Michele, Pedrotti Patrizia, Pini Daniela, Cozzi Ottavia, Messina Antonio, Droandi Ginevra, Petrella Duccio, Frigerio Maria, Ammirati Enrico
  
  
  
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• Viral genome search in myocardium of patients with fulminant myocarditis.
  Eur J Heart Fail

  2020 07;22(7):1277-1280. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1738.
  
  Veronese Giacomo, Ammirati Enrico, Brambatti Michela, Merlo Marco, Cipriani Manlio, Potena Luciano, Sormani Paola, Aoki Tatsuo, Sugimura Koichiro, Sawamura Akinori, Okumura Takahiro, Pinney Sean, Hong Kimberly, Shah Palak, Braun Oscar Ö, Van de Heyning Caroline M, Montero Santiago, Petrella Duccio, Huang Florent, Schmidt Matthieu, Raineri Claudia, Lala Anuradha, Varrenti Marisa, Foà Alberto, Leone Ornella, Gentile Piero, Artico Jessica, Agostini Valentina, Patel Rajiv, Garascia Andrea, Van Craenenbroeck Emeline M, Hirose Kaoru, Isotani Akihiro, Murohara Toyoaki, Arita Yoh, Sionis Alessandro, Fabris Enrico, Hashem Sherin, Garcia-Hernando Victor, Oliva Fabrizio, Greenberg Barry, Shimokawa Hiroaki, Sinagra Gianfranco, Adler Eric D, Frigerio Maria, Camici Paolo G
  
  
  
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• Fulminant Versus Acute Nonfulminant Myocarditis in Patients With Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction.
  J Am Coll Cardiol

  2019 07;74(3):299-311. doi: S0735-1097(19)35290-8.
  
  Ammirati Enrico, Veronese Giacomo, Brambatti Michela, Merlo Marco, Cipriani Manlio, Potena Luciano, Sormani Paola, Aoki Tatsuo, Sugimura Koichiro, Sawamura Akinori, Okumura Takahiro, Pinney Sean, Hong Kimberly, Shah Palak, Braun Öscar, Van de Heyning Caroline M, Montero Santiago, Petrella Duccio, Huang Florent, Schmidt Matthieu, Raineri Claudia, Lala Anuradha, Varrenti Marisa, Foà Alberto, Leone Ornella, Gentile Piero, Artico Jessica, Agostini Valentina, Patel Rajiv, Garascia Andrea, Van Craenenbroeck Emeline M, Hirose Kaoru, Isotani Akihiro, Murohara Toyoaki, Arita Yoh, Sionis Alessandro, Fabris Enrico, Hashem Sherin, Garcia-Hernando Victor, Oliva Fabrizio, Greenberg Barry, Shimokawa Hiroaki, Sinagra Gianfranco, Adler Eric D, Frigerio Maria, Camici Paolo G
  
  Abstract
  
  BACKGROUND:
  Fulminant myocarditis (FM) is a form of acute myocarditis characterized by severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction requiring inotropes and/or mechanical circulatory support. A single-center study found that a patient with FM had better outcomes than those with acute nonfulminant myocarditis (NFM) presenting with left ventricular systolic dysfunction, but otherwise hemodynamically stable. This was recently challenged, so disagreement still exists.
  
  OBJECTIVES:
  This study sought to provide additional evidence on the outcome of FM and to ascertain whether patient stratification based on the main histologic subtypes can provide additional prognostic information.
  
  METHODS:
  A total of 220 patients (median age 42 years, 46.3% female) with histologically proven acute myocarditis (onset of symptoms 
  RESULTS:
  Patients with FM (n = 165) had significantly higher rates of cardiac death and heart transplantation compared with those with NFM (n = 55), both at 60 days (28.0% vs. 1.8%, p = 0.0001) and at 7-year follow-up (47.7% vs. 10.4%, p 
  CONCLUSIONS:
  This international registry confirms that patients with FM have higher rates of cardiac death and heart transplantation both in the short- and long-term compared with patients with NFM. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the histologic subtype of FM carries independent prognostic value, highlighting the need for timely endomyocardial biopsy in this condition.
  
  Copyright © 2019 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
  
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• Recurrent cardiac sarcoidosis after heart transplantation.
  Clin Res Cardiol

  2019 Oct;108(10):1171-1173. doi: 10.1007/s00392-019-01485-z.
  
  Veronese Giacomo, Cipriani Manlio, Petrella Duccio, Geniere Nigra Stefano, Pedrotti Patrizia, Garascia Andrea, Masciocco Gabriella, Bramerio Manuela A, Klingel Karin, Frigerio Maria, Ammirati Enrico
  
  
  
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• Cardiogenic shock: old and new circulatory assist devices: the role of counter-pulsation.
  Eur Heart J Suppl

  2019 Mar;21(Suppl B):B59-B60. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/suz020.
  
  Viola Giovanna, Morici Nuccia, Sacco Alice, Stucchi Miriam, Brunelli Dario, Cipriani Manlio, Garascia Andrea, Bottiroli Maurizio, Frigerio Maria, Oliva Fabrizio
  
  
  
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• Acute and Fulminant Myocarditis: a Pragmatic Clinical Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment.
  Curr Cardiol Rep

  2018 09;20(11):114. doi: 10.1007/s11886-018-1054-z.
  
  Ammirati Enrico, Veronese Giacomo, Cipriani Manlio, Moroni Francesco, Garascia Andrea, Brambatti Michela, Adler Eric D, Frigerio Maria
  
  Abstract
  
  PURPOSE OF REVIEW:
  To review the clinical features of acute myocarditis, including its fulminant presentation, and present a pragmatic approach to the diagnosis and treatment, considering indications of American and European Scientific Statements and recent data derived by large contemporary registries.
  
  RECENT FINDINGS:
  Patients presenting with acute uncomplicated myocarditis (i.e., without left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, or ventricular arrhythmias) have a favorable short- and long-term prognosis: these findings do not support the indication to endomyocardial biopsy in this clinical scenario. Conversely, patients with complicated presentations, especially those with fulminant myocarditis, require an aggressive and comprehensive management, including endomyocardial biopsy and availability of advanced therapies for circulatory support. Although several immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive therapies have been studied and are actually prescribed in the real-world practice, their effectiveness has not been clearly demonstrated. Patients with specific histological subtypes of acute myocarditis (i.e., giant cell and eosinophilic myocarditis) or those affected by sarcoidosis or systemic autoimmune disorders seem to benefit most from immunosuppression. On the other hand, no clear evidence supports the use of immunosuppressive agents in patients with lymphocytic acute myocarditis, even though small series suggest a potential benefit. Acute myocarditis is a heterogeneous condition with distinct pathophysiological pathways. Further research is mandatory to identify factors and mechanisms that may trigger/maintain or counteract/repair the myocardial damage, in order to provide a rational for future evidence-based treatment of patients affected by this condition.
  
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• Management of cardiogenic shock in acute decompensated chronic heart failure: The ALTSHOCK phase II clinical trial.
  Am Heart J

  2018 10;204():196-201. doi: S0002-8703(18)30217-5.
  
  Morici Nuccia, Oliva Fabrizio, Ajello Silvia, Stucchi Miriam, Sacco Alice, Cipriani Manlio Gianni, De Bonis Michele, Garascia Andrea, Gagliardone Maria Pia, Melisurgo Giulio, Russo Claudio Francesco, La Vecchia Carlo, Frigerio Maria, Pappalardo Federico
  
  Abstract
  
  Management of acute decompensated heart failure patients presenting with cardiogenic shock (CS) is not straightforward, as few data are available from clinical trials. Stabilization before left ventricle assist device (LVAD) or heart transplantation (HTx) is strongly advocated, as patients undergoing LVAD implant or HTx in critical status have worse outcomes. This was a multicenter phase II study with a Simon 2-stage design, including 24 consecutive patients treated with low-moderate epinephrine doses, whose refractory CS prompted implantation of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) which was subsequently upgraded with peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. At admission, patients had severe left ventricular dysfunction and overt CS, 7 patients could be managed only with inotropic therapy, and 16 patients were transitioned to IABP and 1 to IABP and venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; the median duration of epinephrine therapy was 7?days (interquartile range 6-15), and the median dose was 0.08 ?g/kg/min (interquartile range 0.05-0.1); 21 patients (87.5%) survived at 60?days (primary outcome); among them, 13 (61.9%) underwent LVAD implantation, 2 (9.5%) underwent HTx, and 6 (28.6%) improved on medical treatment, indicating that early and intensive treatment of CS in chronic advanced heart failure patients with low-dose epinephrine and timely short-term mechanical circulatory support leads to satisfactory outcomes.
  
  Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
  
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• Not every fulminant lymphocytic myocarditis fully recovers.
  J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)

  2018 Aug;19(8):453-454. doi: 10.2459/JCM.0000000000000664.
  
  Veronese Giacomo, Cipriani Manlio, Petrella Duccio, Pedrotti Patrizia, Giannattasio Cristina, Garascia Andrea, Oliva Fabrizio, Klingel Karin, Frigerio Maria, Ammirati Enrico
  
  
  
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• Survival and Left Ventricular Function Changes in Fulminant Versus Nonfulminant Acute Myocarditis.
  Circulation

  2017 Aug;136(6):529-545. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.026386.
  
  Ammirati Enrico, Cipriani Manlio, Lilliu Marzia, Sormani Paola, Varrenti Marisa, Raineri Claudia, Petrella Duccio, Garascia Andrea, Pedrotti Patrizia, Roghi Alberto, Bonacina Edgardo, Moreo Antonella, Bottiroli Maurizio, Gagliardone Maria P, Mondino Michele, Ghio Stefano, Totaro Rossana, Turazza Fabio M, Russo Claudio F, Oliva Fabrizio, Camici Paolo G, Frigerio Maria
  
  Abstract
  
  BACKGROUND:
  Previous reports have suggested that despite their dramatic presentation, patients with fulminant myocarditis (FM) might have better outcome than those with acute nonfulminant myocarditis (NFM). In this retrospective study, we report outcome and changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in a large cohort of patients with FM compared with patients with NFM.
  
  METHODS:
  The study population consists of 187 consecutive patients admitted between May 2001 and November 2016 with a diagnosis of acute myocarditis (onset of symptoms
  RESULTS:
  In the whole population (n=187), the rate of in-hospital death or heart transplantation was 25.5% versus 0% in FM versus NFM, respectively (
  CONCLUSIONS:
  Patients with FM have an increased mortality and need for heart transplantation compared with those with NFM. From a functional viewpoint, patients with FM have a more severely impaired LVEF at admission that, despite steep improvement during hospitalization, remains lower than that in patients with NFM at long-term follow-up. These findings also hold true when only the viral forms are considered and are different from previous studies showing better prognosis in FM.
  
  © 2017 American Heart Association, Inc.
  
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• [Psychological evaluation and support in patients with left ventricular assist devices: preliminary data at 6-month follow-up].
  G Ital Cardiol (Rome)

  2016 Nov;17(11):940-946. doi: 10.1714/2498.26204.
  
  Voltolini Alessandra, Minotti Anna, Verde Alessandro, Cipriani Manlio, Garascia Andrea, Turazza Fabio, Macera Francesca, Perna Enrico, Russo Claudio F, Fumagalli Emilia, Frigerio Maria
  
  Abstract
  
  BACKGROUND:
  Heart disease has an impact on patient's identity and self-perception. Taking into account the wide literature about psychological aspects before and after heart transplant, it clearly emerges that there is a lack of data and results for patients up to implantation of ventricular assist devices (VAD). The aim of the present study was to explore quality of life and factors correlated with psychological adjustment in patients supported with VAD.
  
  METHODS:
  From February 2013 to August 2014, 18 patients (17 male, mean age 57 years) under clinical evaluation before and after VAD implantation were enrolled. During interviews, patients were assessed with EuroQoL-5D questionnaire to monitor improvement of quality of life before implantation and at 3 and 6 months; critical issues, needs and point of views of patients have been described.
  
  RESULTS:
  A significant improvement in the quality of life score was observed at 3 (score 38 [interquartile range 30-40] vs 75 [60-80], p
  CONCLUSIONS:
  Successful treatment and efficient psychological care are closely related to assessment and continuous clinical support. This approach ensures a better selection of patients and improves their compliance. Further data are needed to support our preliminary observations and to explore long-term quality of life.
  
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• A prospective comparison of mid-term outcomes in patients treated with heart transplantation with advanced age donors versus left ventricular assist device implantation.
  Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg

  2016 10;23(4):584-92. doi: 10.1093/icvts/ivw164.
  
  Ammirati Enrico, Cipriani Manlio G, Varrenti Marisa, Colombo Tiziano, Garascia Andrea, Cannata Aldo, Pedrazzini Giovanna, Benazzi Elena, Milazzo Filippo, Oliva Fabrizio, Gagliardone Maria P, Russo Claudio F, Frigerio Maria
  
  Abstract
  
  OBJECTIVES:
  In Europe, the age of heart donors is constantly increasing. Ageing of heart donors limits the probability of success of heart transplantation (HTx). The aim of this study is to compare the outcome of patients with advanced heart failure (HF) treated with a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) with indication as bridge to transplantation (BTT) or bridge to candidacy (BTC) versus recipients of HTx with the donor's age above 55 years (HTx with donors >55 years).
  
  METHODS:
  we prospectively evaluated 301 consecutive patients with advanced HF treated with a CF-LVAD (n = 83) or HTx without prior bridging (n = 218) in our hospital from January 2006 to January 2015. We compared the outcome of CF-LVAD-BTT (n = 37) versus HTx with donors >55 years (n = 45) and the outcome of CF-LVAD-BTT plus BTC (n = 62) versus HTx with donors >55 years at the 1- and 2-year follow-up. Survival was evaluated according to the first operation.
  
  RESULTS:
  The perioperative (30-day) mortality rate was 0% in the LVAD-BTT group vs 20% (n = 9) in the HTx group with donors >55 years (P = 0.003). Perioperative mortality occurred in 5% of the LVAD-BTT/BTC patients (n = 3) and in 20% of the HTx with donors >55 year group (P = 0.026). Kaplan-Meier curves estimated a 2-year survival rate of 94.6% in CF-LVAD-BTT vs 68.9% in HTx with donors >55 years [age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08-0.81; P = 0.02 in favour of CF-LVAD]. Considering the post-HTx outcome, a trend in favour of CF-LVAD-BTT was also observed (age- and sex-adjusted HR 0.45; 95% CI 0.17-1.16; P = 0.09 in favour of CF-LVAD), whereas CF-LVAD-BTT/BTC showed a similar survival at 2 years compared with HTx with donors >55 years, both censoring the follow-up at the time of HTx and considering the post-HTx outcome.
  
  CONCLUSIONS:
  Early and mid-term outcomes of patients treated with a CF-LVAD with BTT indication seem better than HTx with old donors. It must be emphasized that up to 19% of patients in the CF-LVAD/BTT group underwent transplantation in an urgent condition due to complications related to the LVAD. At the 2-year follow-up, CF-LVAD with BTT and BTC indications have similar outcome than HTx using old heart donors. These results must be confirmed in a larger and multicentre population and extending the follow-up.
  
  © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.
  
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• Embolic myocardial infarction due to coronary artery aneurysm in a patient with Loeys-Dietz syndrome.
  EuroIntervention

  2016 May;12(1):61. doi: 10.4244/EIJV12I1A11.
  
  Cereda Alberto, Garascia Andrea, Sormani Paola, Klugmann Silvio, Artioli Diana, Soriano Francesco, Oreglia Jacopo Andrea
  
  
  
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• [Endomyocardial biopsy should be performed in selected patients with suspected myocarditis].
  G Ital Cardiol (Rome)

  2015 Oct;16(10):539-43. doi: 10.1714/2028.22034.
  
  Ammirati Enrico, Cipriani Manlio, Bonacina Edgardo, Garascia Andrea, Oliva Fabrizio
  
  Abstract
  
  Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of myocarditis. Patients with clinical presentation consistent with myocarditis and acute heart failure should undergo EMB, in particular to exclude giant-cell myocarditis or necrotizing eosinophilic myocarditis that are life-threatening conditions. The indication for EMB is debatable in case of suspected myocarditis with infarct-like presentation and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. In fact, in this group of patients the prognosis is fairly good, and the clinical advantage to reach a histological diagnosis by means of an invasive procedure with potential complications such as EMB is limited. In this article we discuss the indication for EMB in the light of current guidelines based on existing consensus documents.
  
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• CoreValve Evolut R implantation as valve-in-valve in an Edwards SAPIEN 3 to treat paravalvular regurgitation.
  EuroIntervention

  2015 Sep;11(5):e1. doi: 10.4244/EIJV11I5A116.
  
  Bruschi Giuseppe, Soriano Francesco, Musca Francesco, Nava Stefano, Einaudi Arturo, Garascia Andrea, Belli Oriana, Barosi Alberto, Fratto Pasquale, Colombo Paola, Russo Claudio Francesco, Gagliardone Maria Pia, Klugmann Silvio
  
  
  
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• Cardiogenic shock: How to overcome a clinical dilemma. Unmet needs in Emergency medicine.
  Int J Cardiol

  2015 ;186():19-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.02.111.
  
  Morici Nuccia, Sacco Alice, Paino Roberto, Oreglia Jacopo Andrea, Bottiroli Maurizio, Senni Michele, Nichelatti Michele, Canova Paolo, Russo Claudio, Garascia Andrea, Kulgmann Silvio, Frigerio Maria, Oliva Fabrizio
  
  
  
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• Mid-term survival after continuous-flow left ventricular assist device versus heart transplantation.
  Heart Vessels

  2016 May;31(5):722-33. doi: 10.1007/s00380-015-0654-4.
  
  Ammirati Enrico, Oliva Fabrizio G, Colombo Tiziano, Russo Claudio F, Cipriani Manlio G, Garascia Andrea, Guida Valentina, Colombo Giulia, Verde Alessandro, Perna Enrico, Cannata Aldo, Paino Roberto, Martinelli Luigi, Frigerio Maria
  
  Abstract
  
  There is a paucity of data about mid-term outcome of patients with advanced heart failure (HF) treated with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) in Europe, where donor shortage and their aging limit the availability and the probability of success of heart transplantation (HTx). The aim of this study is to compare Italian single-centre mid-term outcome in prospective patients treated with LVAD vs. HTx. We evaluated 213 consecutive patients with advanced HF who underwent continuous-flow LVAD implant or HTx from 1/2006 to 2/2012, with complete follow-up at 1 year (3/2013). We compared outcome in patients who received a LVAD (n = 49) with those who underwent HTx (n = 164) and in matched groups of 39 LVAD and 39 HTx patients. Patients that were treated with LVAD had a worse risk profile in comparison with HTx patients. Kaplan-Meier survival curves estimated a one-year survival of 75.5 % in LVAD vs. 82.3 % in HTx patients, a difference that was non-statistically significant [hazard ratio (HR) 1.46; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.74-2.86; p = 0.27 for LVAD vs. HTx]. After group matching 1-year survival was similar between LVAD (76.9 %) and HTx (79.5 %; HR 1.15; 95 % CI 0.44-2.98; p = 0.78). Concordant data was observed at 2-year follow-up. Patients treated with LVAD as bridge-to-transplant indication (n = 22) showed a non significant better outcome compared with HTx with a 95.5 and 90.9 % survival, at 1- and 2-year follow-up, respectively. Despite worse preoperative conditions, survival is not significantly lower after LVAD than after HTx at 2-year follow-up. Given the scarce number of donors for HTx, LVAD therapy represents a valid option, potentially affecting the current allocation strategy of heart donors also in Europe.
  
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• Levosimendan reverted severe pulmonary hypertension in one patient on waiting list for heart transplantation.
  Int J Cardiol

  2013 Oct;168(4):4518-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.06.106.
  
  Ammirati Enrico, Musca Francesco, Oliva Fabrizio, Garascia Andrea, Pacher Valentina, Verde Alessandro, Cipriani Manlio, Moreo Antonella, Martinelli Luigi, Frigerio Maria
  
  
  
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• Limited changes in severe functional mitral regurgitation and pulmonary hypertension after left ventricular assist device implantation: a clue to consider concurrent mitral correction?
  Int J Cardiol

  2013 Jul;167(2):e35-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.03.098.
  
  Ammirati Enrico, Musca Francesco, Cannata Aldo, Garascia Andrea, Verde Alessandro, Pacher Valentina, Moreo Antonella, Oliva Fabrizio, Martinelli Luigi, Frigerio Maria
  
  
  
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• Heart transplantation: 25 years' single-centre experience.
  J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)

  2013 Sep;14(9):637-47. doi: 10.2459/JCM.0b013e32835dbd74.
  
  Bruschi Giuseppe, Colombo Tiziano, Oliva Fabrizio, Botta Luca, Morici Nuccia, Cannata Aldo, Vittori Claudia, Turazza Fabio, Garascia Andrea, Pedrazzini Giovanna, Frigerio Maria, Martinelli Luigi
  
  Abstract
  
  OBJECTIVES:
  Heart transplantation (HTx) is still one of the most effective therapies for end-stage heart disease for patients with no other medical or surgical therapy. We report the results of our 25-year orthotropic HTx single-centre experience.
  
  METHODS:
  From November 1985, 905 orthotopic heart transplants have been performed at our centre. We exclude from the present analysis 13 patients who underwent re-transplantation and 14 pediatric cases (age at HTx
  RESULTS:
  The present study collected the data of 878 primary adult orthotopic HTx performed at our centre. Mean age at HTx was of 49.6?±?11.6 years. Mean donor age was 36.9?±?14.8 years. Hospital mortality was 11.6% (102 patients), early graft failure was the principal cause of death (58 patients) followed by infections (18 cases) and acute rejection (7 patients). Overall actuarial survival was 78.1% at 5 years and 63.8% and 47.5%, respectively, at 10 and 15 years from HTx. Mean survival was 10.74 years; 257 late deaths were reported (33.1%); main causes were neoplasm in 83 patients, and cardiac causes included coronary allograft vasculopathy in 78 patients. Freedom from any infection at 5, 10 and 15 years was 52.2, 44.1 and 40.1%, respectively. Freedom from rejection at 5 years was 36.2%, with 493 patients experiencing at last one episode of rejection, the majority occurring during the first 2 months after transplantation. The long-term survival of HTx recipients is limited in large part by the development of coronary artery vasculopathy and malignancies. In our experience freedom from coronary allograft vasculopathy at 10 years was 66.9%, and 85 patients underwent percutaneous coronary revascularization. In our study population, 44 patients experienced posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder and 91 patients experienced a solid neoplasm, mean survival free from neoplasm was 12.23 years.
  
  CONCLUSION:
  Over the past four decades the field of HTx has evolved considerably, with improvements in surgical techniques and postoperative patients' care. A careful patient selection and treatment of candidates for transplantation as well as accurate clinical follow-up combined with real multidisciplinary teamwork that involved different heart failure specialists, allowed us to obtain our excellent long-term results.
  
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• [What's essential, what's useful and what's superfluous in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy].
  Ital Heart J

  2005 May;6 Suppl 2():28S-34S.
  
  Frigerio Maria, Garascia Andrea, Foti Grazia, Masciocco Gabriella, Distefano Giada, Roubina Elena, Resta Davide
  
  
  
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• [Advanced heart failure: therapeutic options. Opinion of the surgeon cardiologist].
  Ital Heart J

  2002 Oct;3 Suppl 6():65S-70S.
  
  Bruschi Giuseppe, Colombo Tiziano, Garatti Andrea, Fratto Pasquale, Ribera Elena, Garascia Andrea, Oliva Fabrizio, Frigerio Maria, Vitali Ettore
  
  
  
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